Google Loon technology of distributing network facilities

2. Date:03/03/2015
GOOGLE LOON
PRESENTED BY:
NIBIN .C
DHEERAJA PREMDAS
SHABEBA

3. ● Many of us think of the Internet as a global community.
● But two-thirds of the world’s population does not yet have
Internet access.
● Google’s experimental department, Google X,has recently
sought to address the issue of internet connectivity in
geographically remote or isolated areas.
Google loon…..

4. ● Project Loon is a network of
balloons traveling on the edge
of space, designed to connect
people in rural and remote areas,
help fill coverage gaps, and
bring people back online after
disasters.
GOOGLE LOON

5. ● The testing is done at New Zealand that will beam
internet to a small group of pilot testers and be used to
refine the technology.
● The most common type of high altitude balloons are
weather balloons. Other purposes include use as a
platform for experiments in the upper atmosphere.
Modern balloons generally contain electronic
equipment such as radio transmitters, cameras, or
CONTD……….

8. AIM:
● Project Loon aims to bring the globe online with a
ring of floating balloons.

10. ● Project Loon is a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space, designed to
connect people in rural and remote areas
● The group of balloons will drift through the stratosphere- which is about twice as
high as commercial planes to fly.
● This is to deliver 3G service to the grid areas
● It is a global network of high altitude balloons.
What is Google’s project LOON???

11. ● The balloons ascend like weather balloons until they reach the stratosphere,
where they drift above 18 km (60,000 ft), safely above the altitude used for
aviation.
● Loon balloons are super pressure ballons , which enable them to stay aloft for
100+ days at a time.
● Loon balloons are different from weather balloons, which last within hours.
● Loon balloons are also unique in that they are steerable and entirely solar
powered.
CONTD……….

13. ● The technology designed in the project could allow
countries to avoid using expensive fiber cable that would
have to be installed underground to allow users to connect
to the Internet.
● Google feels this will greatly increase Internet usage in
developing countries in regions such as Africa and
Southeast Asia that can't afford to lay underground fiber
cable.
what technology is used???

14. ● The high-altitude balloons fly around the world on the
prevailing winds (mostly in a direction parallel with lines of
latitude, i.e. east or west).
● Solar panels about the size of a card table that are just
below the free-flying balloons generate enough electricity
in four hours to power the transmitter for a day and beam
down the Internet signal to ground stations.
CONTD……..

15. ● Ground stations are spaced about 100 km (62 mi) apart and
bounce the signal to other relay balloons that send the
signal back down.
● This makes Internet access available to anyone in the world
who has a receiver and is within range to a balloon.
● Currently, the balloons communicate using 2.4 and 5.8
GHz ISM bands, and Google claims that the setup allows it
to deliver "speeds comparable to 3G" to users.
CONTD……..

16. Charles Nimmo ,the pilot tester from New Zealand , is the
witness to prove that loon provide fast internet.

18. HOW GOOGLE
LOON WORKS???

19. ● Each balloon can provide connectivity to a ground area about 40 km in
diameter using a wireless communications technology called LTE.
● @.To use LTE, Project Loon partners with telecommunications companies to
share cellular spectrum so that people will be able to access the Internet
everywhere directly from their phones and other LTE-enabled devices.
● Balloons relay wireless traffic from cell phones and other devices back to the
global Internet using high-speed links.
HOW GOOGLE LOON WORK???

20. ● Each balloon is networked to one another with a radio transceiver as in a
mesh designed to ensure signal reliability.
● A second transceiver keeps the balloon in contact with a network station on
the ground and beams an internet signal to specialized antennas that can be
placed on homes, much like a very small satellite TV receiver.
Special antennas
CONTD…...

21. CONTD…..
TRANSRECIVER

23. ● Project Loon is a super pressure balloon filled with helium gas which is lighter
than air. The volume of the balloon is kept constant; this allows the balloons to
keep stable altitude for long periods.
● According to the principle of Archimedes, “the upwards force on the balloon is
equal to the weight of the displaced gas.”
● At a particular altitude the balloon will be stable in a finite equilibrium for long
periods.
How the Loons(Balloons) are moving???

24. ● Project Loon balloons travel around 20 km above the
Earth’s surface in the stratosphere.
● Winds in the stratosphere are generally steady and slow-
moving.
● Project Loon uses software algorithms to determine where
its balloons need to go then moves each one into a layer
of wind blowing in the right direction.
CONTD…...

25. HOW BALOONS MOVE:

27. ● Super pressure balloon is scaled, pressurized, non extensible cell that floats at
a level of constant air density.
● The super pressure Ap, is defined as the difference between gas pressure and
ambient pressure.
● When a super pressure balloon of fully –inflated volume, V, has been designed
to carry a gross load, G, (payload +balloon weight) to the altitude when the air
density is Pa, the weight of the displaced air at floating altitude is:
● V pa= G+ Vpg
What is the theory of Super Pressure
Balloons???

28. ● If the balloon is effectively sealed, the mass of lifting gas does not
change even gas temperature changes.
● the balloon remains at the altitude where air density as long as the
volume remains constant.
● If the system is incapable of maintaining constant density altitude,its
gross load decreases each time that blasting occurs.
CONTD…..

30. ● Each balloon can provide connectivity to a ground area about 40 km in
diameter at speeds comparable to 3G.
● For balloon-to-balloon and balloon-to-ground communications, the
balloons use antennas equipped with specialized radio frequency
technology.
● Project Loon currently uses ISM bands (specifically 2.4 and 5.8 GHz
bands) that are available for anyone to use.
How project Loon connects???

33. ● The balloon envelopes used in the project are made by
Raven Aerostar , and are composed of polyethylene
plastic about 0.076 mm (0.0030 in) thick.
● The balloons are super pressure balloons filled with
helium, and stand 15 m (49 ft) across and 12 m (39 ft) tall
when fully inflated.
What equipments are used???

35. ● A small box weighing 10 kg (22 lb) containing each balloon's
electronic equipment hangs underneath the inflated envelope.
● This box contains circuit boards that control the system, radio
antennae to communicate with other balloons and with Internet
antennae on the ground, and batteries to store solar power.
● Each balloon’s electronics are powered by an array of solar panels
that sit between the envelope and the hardware.
CONTD………...

37. SOLAR PANNEL

38. ● A parachute attached to the top of the envelope allows for a controlled
descent and landing when a balloon is ready to be taken out of service.
● In the case of an unexpected failure, the parachute deploys automatically.
● The ground stations are able to connect to the balloons beaming down the
Internet when the balloons are in a 20 km radius.
CONTD…………...

41. ● Low cost
● Vibration free
● Highly reliable
● Quick response times
● Ultra long duration flights
● Near unlimited launch sites
● Fully recoverable payloads
What are the potential benefits???

43. *The program is still in the pilot phase right now and although there is a lot
of excitement in the public about the program.
* Google has only deployed a few devices in one location. There are
currently plans to expand the pilot to encircle the globe at the 40 degrees
south latitude.
*Google has operated the Loons in New Zealand, Australia, Chile, and
Argentina.
Future developments??

44. *India is one country that has already taken note of Google’s new program
and is looking towards what it could mean for their country.
*Out of total population only 12.58% of those people have access to the
internet.
*India sees this as a potential way to avoid the huge costs associated with
an infrastructure that can support high speed internet and provide
connectivity, the connectivity their people need to grow in today’s world.
CONTD….

45. Project Possibilities
*Scientific Data Collection
*Remote Communication
*GPS Augmentation
*Intelligence Gathering
*Satellite Communication
*Incremental Testing
*Research And Development of Sensors
CONTD……….

47. *the NSA having direct access to information maintained by Google
(Owens, 2013).
*Although Google has denied the charges, many potential users will view
this as a serious privacy and security risk when associating with any
Google products.
*Google has not specified what if any type of encryption will be used on the
wireless connection.
Security Issues??

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