1. GOOGLE
PROJECT LOON
BALLOON POWER INTERNET FOR EVERYONE.
PRESENTED BY,
DHANESH P
MCA 1ST SEMESTER
CHINMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

2. CONTENT’SCONTENT’S
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY OF INTERNET
3. GROWTH OF INTERNET IN INDIA
4. WHAT IS GOOGLE PROJECT LOON?
5. WHERE’S THE LOON?
6. STRATOSPHERE
7. HOW IS LOON DESIGNED?
ENVELOPE
SOLAR PANELS
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS
8. HOW LOON MOVES?
9. HOW LOON CONNECTS?
10. THE PILOT TEST
11. CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
● There are a lot of advancements in the
Internet Technolgy.
● It became so easy to do anything with
Internet.
● But still two third of the world’s population is
not connected to the internet due to several
problems.
● “Project Loon” is one of the most wonderful
idea taken up by Google as a solution for this !

4. HISTORY OF INTERNETHISTORY OF INTERNET
● Internet begins with the development of electronic
computers in the 1950s.
● ARPANET was developed in 1960s.
● In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was
introduced as the standard networking protocol on the
ARPANET.
● Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to
emerge in the late 1980s.
● Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a
revolutionary impact on culture and commerce.

5. Continue...Continue...
● There Was A Rise Of Near-Instant
Communication By Electronic Mail, Instant
Messaging,Two-Way Interactive Video Calls, And
The World Wide Webwith Its Discussion Forums,
Blogs,Social Networking, And Online Shopping
Sites.
● Increasing Amounts Of Data Are Transmitted At
Higher And Higher Speeds Over Fiber Optic
Networks.
● Today The Internet Continues To Grow.

6. The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web
➔ It Was An Open Platform Of Standars Where
Anyone Could Create A Web Site On The Internet.
➔ Tim Berners-Lee Invented The World Wide Web
1989.
➔ The Internet Grew To Become One Of The Largest
Structures Ever Assembled By Humans.

7. Growth Of Internet In IndiaGrowth Of Internet In India
➔ Internet in india began with the launch of the
educational research network (ERNET) in 1986.
➔ The first publicly available internet service in
India was launched by state-owned Videsh
Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) on 14 August
1995.
➔ Presently Over 200 Million Users
➔ 10 years –From 10 million to 100 million
Internet users. Now the country is adding five
million new Internet users every month.

10. What is Google Project Loon?What is Google Project Loon?
● Research and development project being developed by
Google X.
● Aim: Providing Internet access to rural and remote areas,
help fill coverage gaps, and bring people back online after
disasters.
● Uses high-altitude balloons placed in the stratosphere to
create an aerial wireless network.
● Can provide 3G-like speed up to 10Mbps .
● Cost effective way to provide Internet access across the
world.
● Officially announced as a Google project on 14 June 2013.

11. KEY PEOPLE BEHIND THE PROJECTKEY PEOPLE BEHIND THE PROJECT
● RICH DEVAUL - The chief technical architect
● MIKE CASSIDY - The project loon leader.
● CYRUS BEHZOORI – Networking and
telecommunication.

12. TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
The technology designed in the project could allow
countries to avoid using expensive fibre cable.
The high-altitude polyethylene balloons fly around
the world on the prevailing winds.
Solar panels about the size of a card table that are
just below the free-flying balloons generate
enough electricity in four hours to power the
transmitter for a day and beam down the Internet
signal to ground stations.

13. Continue.....Continue.....
Project Loon balloons float in the
stratosphere,twice as high as airplanes and
the weather.
People connect to the balloon network using
a special Internet antenna attached to their
building.
The signal bounces from balloon to balloon,
then to the global Internet back on Earth.

14. Where’s the Loon?
EXOSPHERE
Outer most layer
700 to 10,000 km
Contains most of
the satellites
orbiting
Earth
THERMOSPHERE
Second-highest layer
Contains
theionosphere
Space shuttle orbits
at this layer
MESOSPHERE
Third highest layer
50 to 80 km
Mainly accessed by
sounding rockets
TROPOSPHERE
Lowest layer – 12 km
Weather takes place
Accessed by propeller
driven aircraft

15. Stratosphere
● The second-lowest layer of Earth's
atmosphere – 12 to 50km.
● Lower boundary of the stratosphere is called
the tropopause; the upper boundary is called
the stratopause.
● Layers of air there are quite stable.
● Commercial jet aircraft fly in the lower
stratosphere.

16. Continue...Continue...
● Air is roughly a thousand times thinner at
the top of the stratosphere than it is at sea
level.
● Thin atmosphere offers less protection
from UV radiation.
● PROJECT LOON balloons operates in the
stratosphere, at altitudes between 18 km
and 25 km.

17. Why Stratosphere?
Highest layer accessed by weatherballoons.
Relatively low wind speeds.
Minimal turbulence.
Well above weather events, wildlife and
airplanes.

18. How Is Loon Designed?
The loon is consist of three parts: an envelope,
solar panels and equipment.
Envelope
Solar Panels
Equipment

19. ENVELOPEENVELOPE
Inflatable Part Of The Balloon
Made From Sheets Of
Polyethylene Plastic[0.076 Mm
Thick]
It Strongly Keeps From Stretching
& Popping At Even High Altitude
Measure 15m Wide By 12m Tall
When Fully Inflated
A Parachute Attached To The Top
Of The Envelope
They Are Specially Constructed For Use In Super
Pressure Balloons, Which Are Resistant To Uv Radiation

20. SOLAR PANELSSOLAR PANELS
Powered by an array of solar
panels
Solar array is a flexible plastic
Laminate supported by a light
weight aluminum frame.
Uses high efficiency
monocrystalline solar cells.
Produce approximately 100 Watts
of power in full sun.
Also charges a battery for use at
night.

21. ● Electronic Equipments
A small box containing the
balloon’s electronic equipment
Enclosed in a box weighing 10kg
This box contains circuit boards
that control the system .
Each balloon is equipped with a
GPS for tracking its location.
Lithium Ion batteries to store
solar power

22. Continue...Continue...
Radio antennas to communicate with other
balloons and with Internet antennas on the
ground
Air Control Systems pumps in or releases air from
the envelope to control its elevation

23. After the Loon is completely designed it look like After the Loon is completely designed it look like
this........this........

24. HOW LOON MOVESHOW LOON MOVES
Project Loon balloons travel
around 65,000 feet above
the Earth’s surface in the
Stratosphere.
Winds in the stratosphere are
generally steady and slow-
moving at between 5 and 20
mph, and each layer of wind
varies in direction
Due to the wind properties, balloons can travel along
latitude line

25. Continue...Continue...
Horizontal movement: Moves along the wind in
each layer of the
stratosphereUses certain software algorithms to
determine where its balloons need to go
The movement is monitored by the GPS tracking
system.

26. HOW LOON CONNECTS?HOW LOON CONNECTS?
Two kinds of communications:
Special Radio Antenna
Communicate using unlicensed 2.4 and 5.8 GHz
ISM bands.
Currently, hundreds of people can connect to each
balloon at once.
Balloon-to-Balloon network.
Balloon-to-Ground station or Subscribers network

27. Continue...Continue...
Can provide connectivity to a ground area about
40 km in diameter.
Requires users to install a specialized antenna the
outside of their home to receive the signal from a
balloon near their home.

28. HOW LOON WORKS ???HOW LOON WORKS ???

29. RECEPTION OF LOON SERVICESRECEPTION OF LOON SERVICES
Reception of Loon services requires a specialized
antenna.
The special antenna installed the outside of home
receives data and decrypt the data.
To receive the service directly on tophones, the user
will have to use a Google SIM card.

30. ISM BANDISM BAND
The industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio
bands are radio bands (portions of the radio
spectrum).
Project Loon currently uses ISM bands (specifically
2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands) that are available for
anyone to use.
Part of the radio spectrum that can be used for
any purpose without a license in most countries.
Cordless telephones, wireless computer networks,
Bluetooth devices.

31. Continue...Continue...
 These also avoids interferences and reaches much
further distances.
 Google is able to avoid negotiating with local
governments to purchase specific radio frequencies.

32. THE PILOT TESTTHE PILOT TEST
● Project Loon Starts In June 2013 With An
Experimental Pilot In New Zealand.
● A Small Group Of Project Loon Pioneers Will Test The
Technology In Christchurch And Canterbury.

33. Continue....Continue....
● 30 Balloons, Launched From New Zealand’s
South Island.
● About 50 Local Users In And Around
christchurch and The canterbury
Region tested Connections To The Aerial
Network Using Special Antennas.

37. PRACTICAL PARAMETERSPRACTICAL PARAMETERS
THE BALLOON
 Polyethylene plastic envelops manufactured by
Raven Aerostat: $4,000
 Helium gas per loon per flight: $2,000
 100W solar panels (5ft × 5ft): $500
 Navigation control system: $1000
 Equipment box (circuit boards, radio
antennae, GPS, weather instruments
and batteries): $12,000

38. HOW WILL THE LOON DESCEND?HOW WILL THE LOON DESCEND?
➔
The easiest method to make balloon down to lift
the valve at the top to gradually release the helium
gas.
➔ In the event of an unexpected landing/failure, every
Loon balloon is equipped with a parachute to
ensure safer landing.
➔ Also equipped with special lamps and reflectors to
provide warning for aircrafts during the descend.
➔ GPS helps to track the descend path of the loon.

39. ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
&&
DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

40. ADVANTAGES
➔ Provide Internet to rural & disaster areas
➔ Cheaper data rates
➔ Cheaper infrastructure
➔ Faster & Efficient connection
➔ Use of renewable energy sources
➔ Secure data

41. DISADVANTAGES
➔ Shorter life
➔ Requires continuous monitoring
➔ Maintanance
➔ Cost

42. INCIDENTSINCIDENTS
● In May 2014, a Loon balloon crashed into power lines in Washington,
United States.
● On 20 June 2014, New Zealand officials briefly scrambled emergency
services personnel when a Loon balloon came down.
● On 23 April 2015, a Loon balloon crashed in a field near Bragg City,
Missouri.
● On September 12, 2015, a Loon balloon crash landed in the front
lawn of a residence on Rancho Hills, Chino Hills, CA.
● On 17 February 2016, a Loon balloon crashed in the tea-growing
region of Gampola, Sri Lanka while carrying out tests.
● On April 7, 2016, a Loon balloon landed on a farm in Dundee,
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
● On April 22, 2016, a Loon balloon crashed in a field in the Ñeembucu
department, Paraguay.
● On August 26, 2016, a Loon balloon landed northwest of Madison,
SD.

43. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
➔ Project Loon is an ambitious project and the world
will highly benefit from it.
➔ Project Loon, an initiative to help fill in those internet
gaps through the use of networked balloons.
➔ The goal is to provide broadband-like internet for the
two-thirds of the world that doesn’t have access to a
reliable internet connection by balloon.
➔ It is still in experimental phase.
roject Loon is an ambitious project and the world will Project
Loon is an ambitious project and the world will highly benefit from it.

44. BibliographyBibliography
● http://www.google.com/loon/
● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectloon
● http://www.youtube.com/googleloon

45. ANY DOUBTS ???ANY DOUBTS ???