This topic explains the detection of nuclear detection also explains the two types of nuclear detectors that will cover the maximum aim of nuclear detectors, I will discuss scintillator detector and gas filled detector

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3. CONTENT:
 What are Nuclear
radiations?
 Types
 Radiation Detectors
 Types of Radiation
Detector
 Scintillation Detector
 Construction
 Photomultiplier Tube
 Working
 Gas Filled Detectors
 Aim
 Principle
 Construction
 Pulse height dependence
 Region of operation for
gas filled detectors
 Other which are based on
these principle
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4. Introduction:
 Nuclear radiations
 Types of Nuclear radiations
• Alpha particles
• Beta particles
• Gamma rays
 Radiation Detector
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5. General Mechanism: 4/18
Detector Computing
System
Ionizing
Radiation Current/pulse

6. Types of Radiation Detectors:
SR No. Type Detectors
1 Counter Gas filled detectors
Scintillation detector
2 spectrometer Solid state detector
Scintillation detector
3 Dosimeter Gas filled detector
Solid state detector
Scintillation detectors
Thermoluminiscent detectors
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8. Construction
 Scintillators material
 What are scintillations?
 Inorganic scintillators
 Organic Scintillators
Pure Organic
Liquid Organic solutions
Plastic scintillators
 Photomultiplier tube
 Computing system
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9. Block diagram
Scintillators PMT Counter
Atomic
radiations
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10. Photomultiplier Tube:
It is the main part of scintillation
counter it consist of
 Photo Cathode
 Focusing electrodes
 Dynodes
 Anodes
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11. Working: 9/18

12. Structural diagram: 10/18

14. Aim:
Use to detect charged particle
Use to count charged particle
To compare ionizing power
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15. Principle:
It is based on the principle that when a
charged particle is made to pass through a
gas, it ionizes the gas atom.
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16. Gas filled radiation detectors:
A gas filled tube
A positive electrode (anode) a negative electrode (cathode)
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17. Pulse height dependence:
Depend upon charged particle
Depend upon applied voltage
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18. Regions of operation for gas filled
detectors:
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19. Detectors with same working
principle:
Ionization chamber
Proportional counter
G-M counter
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20. References:
https://emilms.fema.gov/IS3/FEMA_IS/is03/REM0202080.htm
https://www.nuclear-power.net/nuclear-engineering/radiation-
detection/scintillation-counter-scintillation-detector/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintillator#:~:text=A%20scintillation%20
detector%20or%20scintillation,electrons%20via%20the%20photoelectri
c%20effect.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-387-36281-6_7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaseous_ionization_detector
https://www.mirion.com/learning-center/radiation-detector-
types/introduction-to-radiation-detectors
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