3. ANaLIZabb
’08
ACF-NT Table of Contents
Legislation
Application
Approvals
Pre-engineered solution
Spectromter
Communication
Remote Control
Service
4. ANaLIZabb
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The Hierarchy of Legislation Air Quality Policy
Directive 96/61/CE - Integrated Pollution Prevention & Control
Directive 96/62/EC - Air Quality Framework
Directive 2000/76/EC – Waste Incineration & Co-Incineration
Directive 2001/80/EC – Large Combustion Plants
Directive 2001/81/EC – National Emission Ceilings
CAFE Program (Clean Air for Europe)
International
Treaties
EU
Legislation
National
Legislation
Regional & Local
Legislation
Sofia Protocol – NOx Protocol
Gothenburg Protocol
Kyoto Protocol – Greenhouse Gases
• Law Making
• Law Enforcing
• Permitting
• Monitoring & Control
5. ANaLIZabb
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Emission Monitoring according 2000/76/EC WID
ELV 1)
Daily average
Values
Half - hourly
average values
Certified
Measuring
Method
Component
Hydrogene chloride HCL 10 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR
Hydrogen fluoride HF 1 mg/m³ 4 mg/³ NDIR / FTIR
Sulphur dioxide SO2 50 mg/m³ 200 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR
Nitrogen monoxide +
Nitrogen dioxide 2)
NOx
( NO + NO2 )
200 mg/m³ 400 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR
Total organic carbons TOC 10 mg/m³ 20 mg/m³ FID
Oxygen 3)
O2
Electrochem.
Cell
Paramagnetic
Extract of the pollutants to be monitored
1) Emission Limit Value. Measuring ranges are based to the ELV with 1,5 times
2) Sum of NO+NO2 . NO2 needs to be measured if concentration is > 5% of NO
3) Reference value. Typical 0…25 Vol% MR.
6. ANaLIZabb
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Emission Monitoring according 2001/80/EC LCP
Extract of pollutants to be monitored using coal firing
ELV
1)
Daily average
values
Half hourly
average
values
Certified
Measuring
Method
Component
Carbon monoxide CO 200 mg/m³ 400 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR
Sulfur dioxide SO2 50 mg/m³ 200 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR
NOx
( NO + NO2 )
200 mg/m³ 400 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR
Oxygen
3)
O2
Electrochem.
Cell
Paramagnetic
Nitrigen monoxide +
Nitrogen dioxide 2)
1) Emission Limit Value. Measuring ranges are based to the ELV with 2,5 times
2) Sum of NO+NO2 . NO2 needs to be measured if concentration is > 5% of NO
3) Reference value. Typical 0…25 Vol% MR.
8. ANaLIZabb
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Interweaving the European Regulations & Directives
Directive 2001/80/EC
Large Combustion Plants
LCPs
For example
TÜV testing
accord. EN 15267-3
Directive 2000/76/EC
Waste Incineration Plants
& Co-Incineration
(p.e. Cement)
EN 14181
Stationary source emissions
Quality assurance of Automated
Measuring Systems (AMS)
Come into force on Nov. 27, 2004
QAL 1
Basic suitability of the measuring system
for the measuring task
(EN ISO 14956)
QAL 2
Installation and calibration of the
AMS, determination of measurement
uncertainty and check for maintaining
permissible measurement uncertainties
QAL 3
Regular drift control of the AMS during
operation
AST
Annual surveillance test
Testing and calibration laboratories
needs authorization in accordance to
EN / ISO / IEC 17025
CDM Projects
9. ANaLIZabb
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Main Requirements for CEM Systems
Avaliability
No more than 10 daily average values per year shall be invalid
caused by mailfunction or maintenance of the AMS (Automated
Measuring System).
10days / 365days operation = 97% uptime required
Abnormal Operating Conditions
In case of a breakdown (including measurement device), the
operator shall reduce or close down operations.
Important
High-standard measurement techniques are required to monitor
pollutant emissions
10. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT • Applications
CEM System for Emission Monitoring at
Waste Incinerators
Sludge Incinerators
Power plants
Co-incinerator processes
Catalyst protection monitoring
Cement Kilns
Co-incineration processes
... and all combustion processes
which has to fulfil the EN standards for CEMS
11. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT Approvals to CEM - Standards
Certification and Compliance
to international Standards
EU Directives
2000/76/EC
Waste Incineration & Co-Incineration
2001/80/EC
Large Combustion Plants
EN 14181 Quality Assurance fulfilled
Complies with
EU – TÜV
UK – MCERTS
US & Canada
EPA
ASTM
CSA
6 months maintenance
tested
12. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT Performance
low detection limits
high selectivity
high linearity
high repeatability
high stability
high availability
fast response
low maintenance cost
low cost per component
Long maintenance interval
13. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT Pre-Engineered Solution
Complete System for Multi-Component Measurement
Continuously Operating System
Extractive Measurement - Hot / Wet
Sample Probe & Preparation
Analysis based on ABB – Technology
Best available technology for monitoring low ranges of
reactive gases such as: HCl, HF and NH3 …
Communication, conventional and modern serial
interfaces
Modbus
14. ANaLIZabb
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Hydrogen Chloride HCl
Sulphur Dioxide SO2
Hydrogen Flouride HF
Volatile Hydro-Carbons VOC
Ammonia NH3
ACF-NT Engineering
Why measuring hot ?
Some Gases are easily lost by condensation
To prevent acid condensation hot design (180°C) is necessary
Nitrogen Oxides NOx
Nitrous Oxide N2O
Carbon Monoxide CO
Carbon Dioxide CO2
Oxygen O2
15. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT Measuring components - and Ranges
Smallest ranges Typical
Other Components on request
Testgas
Air
Testgas
FID & O2
I/O
HMI1
25 Vol%
O2
Plausibility Test
Spectrometer
Oxygen
Measurement
5 mg/m3
HF
15 mg/m3
HCl
40 Vol%
H2O
75 mg/m3
SO2
15 mg/m3
VOC
50 mg/m3
N2O
15 mg/m3
NH3
40 mg/m3
NO2
200 mg/m3
NO
30 Vol%
CO2
75 mg/m3
CO
Multi FID14
ACF-NT
FTIR
Zirconia
Flame
Ionization
Measuring Ranges
200 mg/m³
25 Vol%
400 mg/m³
80 mg/m³
15 mg/m³
100 mg/m³
300 mg/m³
40 / 60 Vol%
90 mg/m³
6 mg/m³
30 mg/m³
25 Vol%
Range switchover
possible
75 / 300 mg/m³
200 / 400 mg/m³
75 / 300 mg/m³
15 / 90 mg/m³
ratio max 1 : 4
16. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT FTIR - Flow Diagram
1 Probe tube
2 Heated filter
3 Heated sampling line
4 Stainless steel filter
5 Heated meas. cell
6 FTIR spectrometer
13 Switch test gas local or probe.
Emergency purge
14 Check valve
15 FID port
16 Port for 3rd party analyzer
9
6
11
12
Test gas
1
2
Compressed
Air
13
5
10
3
4 8
16
Gas Outlet
15
7
14
7 ZrO2 Sensor (option)
8 Aspirator pump
9 Spectrometer purge
10 Compressed air cleaner
11 Zero gas solenoid
12 Test gas solenoid
Sample Gas
18. ANaLIZabb
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Heated sample gas line
Probe tube
Wall
Wall tube
Filter Unit PFE2
Heating
Gas Sampling Probe • Typical Installation
Mounting angle 8°... 90° downwards
One single sample point required
for all measured components
21. ANaLIZabb
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Modular Sample Probe System - Probe Tube 42 heated
Pt 100 sensor Terminal box
Suitable for:
- Low temperature (<180 °C, high dewpoint, Water or acid
- Stack with brick walls in a tube in tube construction
Power supply
PT100 Sensor
24. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT Photometry Basics
Polyatomic molecules
Absorption at specific wavelengths
HCl
l = 3.4 µm
Symmetrical molecules
Transparent to IR
N2
l = 2 - 25 µm
Measurement of all infrared active components at the same time
All molecules consisting of 3 and more atoms and all di-atomic heteronuclear
molecules absorb infrared radiation
Example CO, NO, SO2
But not N2, O2, Hg
26. ANaLIZabb
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FTIR Interferometer
Light incident onto the 2 mirrors
IR-Detector
Beam splitter
Fixed mirror
LASER : 1 single
wavelength
I
l
time
Interferogram
I
x
Moving mirror
x
Light reflected from the moving mirror
Fourier
Transformation Spectrum
frequency
I
with half transparent lay
Interference as function of mirror displacement
27. ANaLIZabb
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Interferometer ( Fourier Transfrom Infra Red )
IR -
Detector
IR-
Source
4 - 20 mA
Interfero-
meter
Multiplexer
CO, SO2/N2
Cell
Intensity
Wavelength
Intensity
Wavelength
lz
lz2 lz3
lz1
Intensity
Wavelength
lz2 lz3
lz1
Modulator
28. ANaLIZabb
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Sources and Detectors Infrared - Laser - White light
Interferometer
x
DX
White light
+ x
- x
0
0
+ x
- x
Interferogramm
- White Light -
Detector 3
Infrared
Laser
(Distance
determination)
Detector 2
Detector 1
White light
(Zero point
determination)
DX
+ x
- x
0
Intensity
Laser
IR-Source
Interferogramm
- Detected Signal -
29. ANaLIZabb
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From Interferogram to spectrum
0
20
40
60
80
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000
Function of Frequency (sec-1)
or Wavenumber (cm-1)
Raw Spectrum
-X
Mirror Displacement (in cm)
= Function of Time (sec)
0 +X
Intensity
Interferogram
FT
Measurement of light intensity as a function of time (sec)
or mirror displacement (cm)
conversion
30. ANaLIZabb
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From Raw Spectrum to Absorbance
0
20
40
60
80
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000
- Raw gas -
spectrum
Intensity
0
.1
.2
.3
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000
Absorption
- Absorption -
spectrum
.6
.8
1
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000
Transmission
- Transmission -
spectrum
0
20
40
60
80
5000 4000 3000 2000 1000
Wavenumber n [ cm -1 ]
Intensity
- Reference Spectrum -
( Zero Spectrum )
I0
I
T = I / I0
E = - ln T
CO SO2
Wavenumber n [ cm -1 ]
Wavenumber n [ cm -1 ]
Wavenumber n [ cm -1 ]
Lambert Beer Law: I/Io = e-ε*c*l
31. ANaLIZabb
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ABB Spectrometer
Split Architecture Design
= Separation Between Gas Path and Electronics
Interferometer
Laser
Detector
IR Source
PC board
Spectrometer cover
Transfer optics
Heated gas cell
Aspirator Block Heated
sample line
Mirrors
O2 Sensor
Cell insulation
34. ANaLIZabb
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Gas Sampling Elements Summary
One sampling point for all components
Lower Installation cost
Completely heated at 180 °C
No risk of condensation before measurement
Proven air aspirator pump & diluted gas at the cell outlet
No moving parts, no corrosion
Electronic flow control of the aspiration
Accurate pressure and temperature correction
Proven extractive sampling technology
No delicate optics or electronics at the stack
35. ANaLIZabb
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Measuring Methods
VOC - Measurement
EN 12619 is setting the standard for TOC - measurement, worked out by the CEN
The FID is the only permitted principle of the technique.
FID – method is independent valid, notwithstanding under which approval
a plant gets release for operation by the regional authorities.
Standard agreed by all CEN member countrie.
For all other measuring components exists EN - Standards too.
36. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT System Block-Diagram
Span
Zero
H2
FTIR
Spectrometer
In Out 1mm
Combustion
Air
Instrument Air
5 .. 7 bar
FID
Air purifier
ZrO2
Span Gas
FTIR
Zero
2% O2/N2
Zero O2
Zero FID
Catalyzer
?% CnHm
Span FID
Span SNE
Heater
PT 100
Heater
Heater
PT 100
ZrO2-Signal
Controller
SC-Block
Multi-FID 14 ASP/RGM11-Module
6
7 8
9
10
180 °C
180 °C
180 °C
180 °C
700 °C
180 °C
180 °C
39. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT Features
Measuring up to 12 components continuously
Complete pre-engineered system
6 months maintenance interval
Proven hot wet extractive measurement technique
High stability
Fully integrated VOC & O2 – measurement
Unique air-driven injector pump. No moving parts
40. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT Features
All Analyzers from ABB
VOC & O2 fully integrated
Easy Operation - Single HMI
Clear-text status messages
Integration and display from other
measurements (p.e. dust, temp.)
Human Machine
Interface (front)
41. ANaLIZabb
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ACF-NT Features
Recources saving calibration
concept without test gases for FTIR technology
High availability through self-monitoring design
Extra gas port for integration of a third party analyzer
Communication
ACF-NT
Modbus
43. ANaLIZabb
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Remote Service Support for Maintenance
Customer
Remote-Service
Worldwide !
Tele-diagnostics & Status
Temp. & Flow of sampling items
Zero calibration
FTIR Analyzer Error
Remote Configuration
Software Upgrade
Maintenance request
FTIR-Analyzer
44. ANaLIZabb
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ABB Service at Spain
Xavier Pedescoll
Manager
David Bernal
Service Engineer
Luis Machay
Service Engineer
Javier Guerrero
Service Engineer
Eduardo Fernandez
Service Engineer
