2. Pengantar
• Ruang lingkup permasalahan
– Statistik kecelakaan kerja (AS)
• Dampak finansial: 114 milyar dolar
• 3,2 juta karyawan celaka (1993)
• Lebih dari 9000 pekerja meninggal dunia (1993)
• Prediksi
– 3,5 orang/1000 orang akan meninggal dunia karena
kecelakaan terkait kerja
– Dampak finansial 780.000 USD/kematian.
3. Data di Indonesia
“Kita patut bersyukur karena kasus kecelakaan
kerja mengalami penurunan, pada tahun 2018
telah terjadi 157.313 kasus kecelakaan kerja dan
sepanjang tahun 2019 terdapat 130.923 kasus,
itu artinya kecelakaan kerja mengalami
penurunan,” ujar Ida Fauzia pada perayaan 50
tahun K3, di Monas, Jakarta Pusat, Minggu
(12/1/2020).
4. Penyebab Kecelakaan
• Dua kategori utama
– Unsafe conditions
– Unsafe acts
• Faktor teknologi
– Rancangan, pengoperasian, perawatan, dll
• Human factors
– Isu: Kenapa kecelakaan terjadi?
– Faktor manusia dapat diperbaiki (untuk mencegah
kecelakaan)
– Faktor ini dapat berkontribusi secara tidak langsung
atas unsafe conditions
6. Psikologi Kecelakaan
• Konsep accident proneness
– Berdasarkan sejumlah studi
– Kesimpulan - masih kontroversial
• Teori Goals-Freedom-Alertness
• Teori Adjustment-Stress
• Behavior-Based Safety
7. Behavior Based Safety
• BBS
– Claimed to be an effective approach to
preventing occupational injuries
– Issues
• Responsibility on workers
• Potentially abused by managers
• Need for a more systematic approach
• A potential alternative, though warrants further
studies
8. Behavior Based Safety
• Key concepts
– Employee participations
– Understanding why certain (safety) behavior is (or is
not) practiced
– Can be used as a practical strategies for
• Obtaining objective evidence of at-risk behaviors
• Defining barriers to safe behaviors
• Teaching ways to substitute safe for at-risk behaviors
• Holding people accountable to improve safe behaviors
• Demonstrate utility of BBS procedures
9. Behavior Based Safety
• Basic BBS strategy
– Watch language
– Take advantage of the competence motive
– Make feedback a positive experience
– SMART goals
– Elevate self- and response-efficacy
– Sell outcome-expectancy with personal
testimony
– Theory and principles before procedures
10. Behavior Based Safety
• BBS strategy
– Use process measures of safety performance
– Look beyond numbers
– Build and maintain momentum
11. Conclusion
• Importance of understanding safety at
workplaces
• Different potential approaches
• Need to take into account
– Engineering factors
– Human factors
• Behavior as a more recent approach to the
personal aspects in improving safe acts
