drug discovery and development pulmonary drug delivery

1. Pulmonary drug delivery
DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT
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Presented by
G. Aysvarya (117011101277)
C. Bavithra (117011101280)
K. Bala Murugan (17012101279)
COURSE TEACHER;
P.MALA(AP/BIOTECH) ,
PERIYAR MANIAMMAI INSTITUE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

2. INTRODUCTION
• Pulmonary = lung
• Pulmonary drug delivery describes various systems & methods of
delivery of drugs to the lung for the treatment of
Diseases of the respiratory tract.
For systemic delivery via the drug.
• Once the drug is administered they readily pass into the blood stream
without the need of any enhancers.
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3. Classification:
Pulmonary system consist of two regions
1.The conducting air way region.
2.Respiratory regions.
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4. Mechanism of drug absorption
Drug diffusion through alveoli.
Absorption through aqueous pores by carrier mediated
transport.
Phagocytosis of insoluble particle allows absorption of
compounds with low lipophilicity & high molecular weight
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5. Methods of inhalation delivery
Aerosol.
Pulmonary metered dose inhalers (PMDIs).
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs).
Nebulizers.
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6. 1.Aerosols
Aerosol preparation are stable suspension of solid material & liquid
droplets in a gaseous medium.
• The drug delivery by aerosols is deposited in the airways by:
• Gravitational sedimentation
• Diffusion
The term atomizer is used for a device that generate an aerosol & may
be powdered by electrically / mechanically.
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7. Formulation of aerosol
Aerosol product essentially consists of two components:
Product concentrate.
Propellant.
Product concentrate consists of: active ingredients or mixture of active
ingredients.
Others necessary agents such as solvents, antioxidants & surfactants.
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8. Propellant used in (aerosol)
Single or blend of various propellants are used.
It is selected to give the desired vapour pressure, solubility & particle
size
Propellants can be with active ingredients in many different ways
producing product with varying characteristics.
Depending on the type of aerosol system utilized the pharmaceutical
aerosol may be dispensed as fine mist, we spray & semi-solid or solid.
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9. Advantages of an aerosol
A dose can be removed without contamination of remaining material.
The medication can delivered directly to the affected area in a desired form
such as spray or stable form.
Irritation produced by mechanical application of topical medication is
reduced or eliminated.
Minimum contamination.
Maximum stability.
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10. Limitations of aerosols
Poor patient compliance.
Irritant activity.
Increase bronco constriction.
High cost.
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11. 2. Pulmonary metered dose inhalers
(PMDIs).
It is a device that helps to deliver a specific amount of
medication to the lungs.
It is commonly used to treat asthma, chronic
obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD)
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12. PMDIs composed of 4 essential
components.
1. The base formulation-drug, propellant, excipients.
2. The container
3. Metering valve.
4. The actuator (mouth piece).
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13. 3.Dry powder inhalers
The device dispenses a powder in a stream of inspired air.
These are environmentally friend since they do not required
propellants for drug dispersion.
Self medication is possible.
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14. Two types of dry powder inhalers
1. Passive dry powder inhaler
Example: Disc inhalers, easy inhalers
2. Active dry powder inhaler
Example: spiors, prohaler.
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15. Advantage
Product and formulation stability
High drug volume delivery per puff
Low susceptibility to microbial growth
Applicable to both soluble and insoluble drugs
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16. Disadvantages
 Hygroscopic powders have chances to particle growth.
Accurate dose is required.
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17. 4. Nebulizer
Nebulizers are those that aerosolize aqueous solutions of water
soluble drugs or suspensions & solvent-water based solutions of
water-insoluble substances.
Nebulizer have been successfully employed for drug delivery to the
lung.
It is also used for local drug delivery to trachea for local anaesthesia.
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18. There are two types of Nebulizer
1. Pneumatic Nebulizer:-
It derives from pressurized gas source
Example: jet or hydro dynamic type.
2.Electrical Nebulizer:-
It operates from an electric source
Example: Ultra Sonic Nebulizer.
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19. Therapeutic applications
1. For the treatment of asthma
2. Pulmonary infection
3. For chronic obstructive pulmonary device.
4. Cardio vascular agents
5. Blood glucose modifier
6. Lung cancer
7. Cystic fibrosis
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20. Inhale Ables
Advanced technology for pulmonary delivery is expanding a category
of drugs called inhale ables defined as respiratory & systemic
therapies administered simply by inhaling
Advantages:
It supply drugs into the blood stream directly.
It provide a non invasive method of drugs delivery.
It furnish very rapid onset of action similar to I.V. route
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21. Reference
1.Controlled drug delivery concepts and advances by s.p. vyas And r.p.
khar
2. Advanced in controlled and novel drug delivery by N.k.Jain.
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22. Thank you 
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