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2. THEME OF PARTITION IN ICE
CANDY MAN
BAPSI SIDHWA
PRESENTED TO:
MAM NAZNEEN ZAHRA
PRESNTED BY:
AYMAN BATOOL 20014002-002

3. outline
 Theme of Partition
 Before the partition
 Why did partition occur?
 Religious conflict and partition
 Migration At partition
 Major events of partition
 After partition
 Violence after partition
 Effect of partition
 Impact of partition on Ayah’s life
 Conclusion

4. Theme of Partition
 The partition occurred on August14,1947 and August15,1947
 India was divided into two countries India and Pakistan
 The novel examines the inexorable logic of Partition as an off shoot of
fundamentalism sparked by hardening communal attitudes.
 It looks at Partition as a means of spreading disharmony which
resulted in frenzy and chaos.
 Bapsi Sidhwa employs the first-person mode, viewing the partition
largely through the eyes of Lenny.
 India’s Independence and Partition of sub-Continent revolve around
the Ayah.
 Sidhwa shows human loss in Partition.
 Families were torn apart; toddlers were left orphaned.

5. Before the partition
 Hindu and Muslims used to live together along with other
minorities in the sub-continent
 The best example of people belonging to different cultures and
religions having good relationship in Ice-candy.
 There was rumor that Hindus are murdered in Bengal at the same
time Muslims being killed in Bihar.
 Sidhwa criticizes Congress leader or who were sitting on dharana
blocking rail tracks as a measure of protect political protest by
them.
 The Muslims leaders were demanding creation of Pakistan by
combining Muslims majority provinces: Punjab, Sindh, Kashmir, the
North West and Bengal.
 Sidhwa ironically intreats for communal harmony between Sikhs
and Muslims. She reminds as to how the holy Koran is kept next to
the Grantham Sahib in the Golden Temple.

6. Why did partition occur?
 Lord Mountbatten
 Radcliffe
 Religion
 Muslim league and Indian Congress cannot agree on same platform.
 British treatment of Hindus and Muslims causes conflict
 British fear the Muslims
 Acts of violence

7. Religious conflict and
partition
 India had two main religions groups: Hindus and Muslims both nations
have totally different in their religion.
 In 1940, home to 255 million Hindus, 92 million Muslims
 Smaller number of Sikhs, Christians they were minorities.
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah: He gathered Muslims on one platform and gave
Muslims a voice to counter what was then perceived as the growing
influence of Hindus under British rule
 1940, Muslim league called for a partition, division of India, creation of
separate Muslim Hindu countries.
 Two nation theory: Jinnah and league posited a that argued Indian
Muslims were entitled to and therefore required a separate, self
governing state in reconstituted subcontinent.

8. Migration At partition:
 Millions of Muslims abandoned their homes to cross the border into
Pakistan.
 Muslims were demanding vehemently the creation of Pakistan but the
Sikh was opposing it. Sidhwa shows us the tense situation.
 A few hundred thousand to two million killed and more than 10 million
displaced
 Soon the entire Punjab province is seen burning in the fire of hatred
and communal violence.
 Sikh’s and Hindu’s raped Muslim women and Muslim men raped Hindu
and Sikh women
 As we see in Sidhwa’s novel, the news of bloodshed spreads like the
wild fire.
 The Ice Candy man waits for his sisters on Lahore railway station. When
the train arrives from Gurdaspur, everyone on the Platform is shocked
to see the ghastly sight.

9. Major events of partition
 Resettlement of refugees in India at that time india became a receiving country for
firdt time for receiving thousands of refugees from eastern Europe Russia and south
east asia.
 Resettlement of refugees in Pakistan. Muslim league paved the way for responses in
1947 as refuge rehabilitation
 Rehabilitation of women. 6000 females were recovered from Pakistan and 12000
from india
 Independence, population transfer and violence.
 British policy divide and rule.british govermenyt took possessions of the company
and imposed direct rule.
 Loss of sovereignty by muslin rulers
 Rise of radical nationalism. Radical nationalism is an ideological theory that calls for
a national community united by shared sense of purpose.Its means a national
community united by a shared sense of purpose and destiny.

10. After partition:
 The palatial building of Hindus in Model Town was badly
looted and shops were gutted.
 Lenny felt that the attitude of people sitting in park also
changed. People has changed their attitude.
 Rioters looted away furniture, carpets, utensils, mattresses,
clothes, etc. Other bungalows of affluent neighborhood were
also looted away in similar. During that period Muslims face
a lot of financial loss.
 The Sikhs, who claimed to protect their Muslim brothers at
first, became the killing hands of Hindus. At that time they
cheated Muslims and refuged to help them.
 Their leader, Master Tara Singh, who was manipulated by
Gandhi, loosed Sikh fanatics and there began a massacre in
villages and Muslims were killed by Sikhs.

11. Violence after partition
 Fear and distress spread between Hindu and Muslims
 500000 people died
 15 million people migrated Muslims went to Pakistan ,Hindu went to
India. That is India and Pakistan later worked to repatriate the
abducted women. Muslim women were to be sent to Pakistan and
Hindu and Sikh women to India.
 It is estimated that during the partition between 75,000 and 100,000
women were kidnapped. At that time violence against women was
extensive issue
 There are no young women among the dead. Only two gunny bags
full of women‘s breasts.
 This act of violence against Muslim women spurs him to inflict
violence on Hindu and Sikh women.
 He satiates his appetite for revenge by kidnapping Ayah and forcing
her to prostitute her body.
 In short ,

12. Effects of partition
 Two self governing countries of India and Pakistan
 Women have been the worst victims of partition.
 The trauma of Partition was seen in its execution,
something that Sidhwa brings out through Lenny.
 The idea of religious intolerance being fueled by the fear
of Partition helped to increase its traumatic hold on the
nation
 violence
 Migration
 Conflict in Kashmir
 Problems for Pakistan

13. Impact of partition on Ayah’s
life:
 Ayah is also the major character of novel.
 She described by Lenny as a very charming, attractive girl
gifted with abundant feminine grace.
 She has a lot of admirers. She enjoys benefits of admirers.
Ice candy man one of her admirer.
 But at the time of partition, she became a Hindu girl for
Ice candy man which finds out Ayah through Lenny.
 Lenny describes this situation as: “They drag Ayah out.
They drag her by her arms stretched taut, and her bare
feet that want to move backwards are forced forward
instead.

14. Conclusion
 Bapsi Sidhwa has created a successful post-colonial novel
which presents the thoughts and feelings of people who
survive the tyranny of being colonized and then the partition
of their homeland.
 Pakistan came into being as a free Muslim state in unfavorable
circumstances.
 Supreme efforts were made by Quaid e Azam and his
colleagues to grapple with the situation.
 By reading this novel, we come to know that the partition of a
country is not a happy event. It involves bloodshed and
sacrifices.
 Sidhwa has received praises for writing a novel which narrates
the history in the most compelling manner.