4. Introduction
Allama Muhammad Iqbal! A great poet,
thinker, philosopher, scholar and politician.
When Iqbal was born, it was the time of
troubles for Indian Muslims.
300 Years before the birth of Iqbal, his
family embraced Islam.
Iqbal’s grand father Shaikh Rafique used to
sell Shawls.
7. Initial Life
Friday, November 9, 1877, Iqbal was born
at Sialkot.
Iqbal got his early education from Mission
School and did his F.A. from Murry
College, Sialkot and B.A. from Islamia
College, Lahore.
Then he did his M.A. Philosophy from
Islamia College, Lahore.
8. Life and Career
From 1899 – 1905, Iqbal served as Lecturer
(Philosophy) in Oriental College, Lahore.
In 1905, Iqbal went to Germany, where he
did his Ph.D. in Philosophy.
9. Political Career
In 1926, Iqbal started his political career
when he was elected as member of Punjab
Imperial Legislative Council (PILC).
10. Two Nation Theory
Allama Iqbal was also a strong believer of Hindu-
Muslim unity but Congress extremism force him
to change his attitude.
In 1930, Iqbal clearly discussed Two Nation
Theory as:
– Islam: as code of conduct and way of life.
– Muslims are separate nation.
– Demand of separate state.
11. Islam: as Code of Conduct
and Way of Life
“Islam is complete code of life; so Indian
Muslims should get assistance from Islam.
It will support them fully.
12. Muslims are Separate Nation
Allama Iqbal openly negated the concept of
one nation and said:
“Nations are based with religion; not with
territories. So we are separate nation
because we have our own ideology.”
13. Demand of Separate State
“If British Government is interested to
resolve Hindu-Muslim conflicts then India
should be divided into states.
NWFP, Sindh, Baluchistan, Punjab, Aasam
and Bengal should be converted into one
unit and authority should be given to
Indian Muslims.”
16. Jinnah Bai Poonja
Muhammad Ali
Sunday, December 25, 1876Sunday, December 25, 1876
Banda Ali
Rehmat Ali Fazal Ali
Ahmed Ali Maryam
ShereenShereen FatimaFatima
17. Initial Life
Muhammad Ali Jinnah got his early
education from Sindh Madrassa-tul-Islam.
In 1891, Jinnah was married to Sakeena bai.
Then Jinnah went to England.
He remained in England from 1891 to 1899.
After his arrival, he left Karachi and settled
in Bombay.
18. Political Career
In 1906, Jinnah started his political career
when he joined All India National
Congress.
In 1913, Jinnah joined All India Muslim
League on the request of Mollana
Muhammad Ali Johar.
In 1919, he became the President of All
India Muslim League.
19. Two Nation Theory
Upto the 1928, Jinnah was also true
believer of Hindu Muslim unity.
But Nehru report of 1928, dishearted
Jinnah.
So after Nehru report, Jinnah also talk on
Two Nation Theory.
“Pakistan was created the day the 1st
Indian
National entered the fold of Islam”
20. SUGGESTIONS OF
NEHRU REPORT
1 . Ending of Separate Electorate.
2 . Ending of more Muslim Seats than Population .
3 . Ending of more Seats than Population .
4 . Refusal to give 1/3 Representation to Muslim in the
center .
5 . Hindi should be introduced as an official language
6-separation of Sind From bombay (Mumbai)
7. Suggestions of Reforms in N.W.F.P province and
Aviodness from Balouchistan .
8 . Demand of Strong Central government .
21. 1st
Round Table Conference
“Now we on position, from where, if Indian
Muslims are not consulted about the future
of India; then the proposals of British
Govt. would not be run-able more than
weeks.”
22. Annual Session of Muslim
League
In 1938, Jinnah presided at Pattna:
“British Govt. wanted to rule India; while
Congress wanted to rule Indian Muslims.
It would not be possible during our life.”
23. Annual Session of Muslim
League
In 1940, Jinnah presided at Lahore:
“The Hindus and Muslims belong to two
different religious philosophies, social
customs and literature. They neither
intermarry nor inter dine together and
indeed they belong to two different
civilizations. So they are separate nation.”
24. Open Speech 1944
“We did not demand Pakistan simply to
have a piece of land but we wanted a
laboratory where we could experiment on
Islamic principles.”
26. Aims and objectives of the
Establishment of Pakistan
• Following factors can be said to be the
objective of the establishment of Pakistan
Enforcement of the sovereignty of God Almighty
Established of Islamic Democracy
Revival of Muslim image and identity
Protection of Muslim Culture and Civilization
liberation from the harmful Hindo majority
Establishment of Balance Economic System
Two Nation Theory
27. 1-Enforcement of the
sovereignty of God Almighty
Quaid Azam Said:
“ We did not demand Pakistan to acquire a
piece of land, but we wanted a homeland
where we could introduce Islamic
principles”
28. 2-Established of Islamic
Democracy
Every thing is equal in Islamic democratic system
The Khalifa is Naib of God on the earth.
“The Almighty thought us that our decision in the
state affairs shell be guided by mutual
consultation” (Quiad –e-Azam)
29. 3-Revival of Muslim image and
identity
The Hindo had adopted a harmful attitude
which blocked all channels to wealth and
progress to Muslims
The National Identity of Muslim was in
great danger under the extremes Hindo
after British ruler
30. 4-Protection of Muslim
Culture and Civilization
The Hindo always tried to crush Muslims as
Nation and Ultimately merge them in Hindo
Society.
They Started several Movement for this
purpose, Hindi-Urdu controversy was result
of this movement.
Protection from Hondu was the main
motivating point for Pakistan movement
31. 5-liberation from the harmful
Hindo majority
The British and the Hindus adopted a
unkind policy of mass elimination against
Muslims in order to erase them as a nation
and merge them in Hindu Society.
The demand of Pakistan was based on this
feeling that Muslim should be liberate from
the hold of the eternal Hindus domination
32. 6-Establishment of Balance
Economic System
Muslim was not in position to entre in business and trade
because of biased policy of Government.
After the war of the independence 1857, British
Government had banned Muslims entre into Government
services.
All high level jobs were reserved for Hindu
The agricultural land mostly owned by Hindus who fully
exploited Muslims cultivator. The Government policy
provided no shelter to Muslims for earning
33. 7-Two Nation Theory
Two Nation Theory based on religion,
Economic & political system, cultural &
social value, civilization & literature
The religion of Islam is based on the
concept of Toheed