1. Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
School of Innovative Design Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering Department
MSE 502
Chemical activities
By: Awad Elaraby
ID:052022009
Instructor: Prof. Mohamed
Gepreel
2. Outline
• Introduction
• Factors Affecting Chemical Activity
• Chemical Activity and Reaction Rate
• Measuring Chemical Activity
• Chemical activity series
• Applications
• Everyday Life
• Importance
• Challenges
3. Introduction
• Chemical activity is a measure of the ability of
a substance to react with other substances. It
is a fundamental concept in chemistry and is
used to predict and understand chemical
reactions.
• For example if we have:
𝑍𝑛 + 𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂4 = ? ? ? ?
4. Factors Affecting Chemical Activity
The chemical activity of a substance is affected by
several factors, including temperature, pressure,
concentration, and the nature of the reactants.
Temp.
Pressure
concentration
5. Chemical Activity and Reaction Rate
the rate of a chemical reaction is directly
proportional to the chemical activity.
A higher chemical activity leads to a faster
reaction rate.
A lower chemical activity leads to a slower
reaction rate.
6. Measuring Chemical Activity
Methods of measuring chemical activity:
• measuring the potential difference(voltage)
between two electrodes in a solution
containing the reactants
Electrochemical
• measuring the pressure of the vapor above a
solution containing the reactants
Vapor pressure
• measuring the concentration of the reactants
in a solution
solubility
10. Importance
Understanding chemical activity is essential in
many fields of science and technology:
I. Predicting and controlling chemical
reactions.
II. Designing new materials
III. Optimizing chemical processes.
understanding the behavior of substances
in different environments and the effects
of external factors on their properties.
11. Challenges
Studying chemical activity is a complex and
challenging task due to the complexity of
chemical reactions and the variety of factors
that affect them.
It requires advanced experimental
techniques and theoretical models to
accurately measure and predict chemical
activity.
12. Conclusion
Chemical activity is an important concept in chemistry
that helps in predicting and understanding chemical
reactions. It is affected by various factors, including
temperature, pressure, concentration, and the nature of
the reactants. Measuring chemical activity can be done
using different methods, and it has many applications in
science and technology. Understanding chemical activity
is crucial in designing new materials, optimizing
chemical processes, and predicting the behavior of
substances in different environments.
At higher temperatures, the molecules have more kinetic energy, which enables them to overcome activation energy barriers more easily and react more quickly. Similarly, at higher pressures, the molecules are more closely packed together, which increases the likelihood of collisions.
On the other hand, a lower concentration of reactants decreases chemical activity because there are fewer molecules available to react, leading to a slower
Higher temperature and pressure increase the chemical activity because they increase the kinetic energy and frequency of molecular collisions, which can lead to an increased rate of reaction. At higher temperatures, the molecules have more kinetic energy, which enables them to overcome activation energy barriers more easily and react more quickly. Similarly, at higher pressures, the molecules are more closely packed together, which increases the likelihood of collisions.
The change in vapor pressure is related to the activity of the solute. The solubility of a substance in a solvent can provide information about its chemical activity.
In corrosion control, it is used to predict the corrosion rate of a metal in a specific environment. chemical activity can play an important role in catalysis by affecting the rate, selectivity, efficiency, and stability of a catalyzed reaction. The catalytic converter is a device that uses a catalyst to convert harmful pollutants in exhaust gases into less harmful emissions before they are released into the environment.
the Maillard reaction, which occurs between amino acids and reducing sugars, is responsible for the browning and flavor development in baked goods and roasted meats.(non-enzymatic browning,) the acidity of some shampoos can help to remove excess oil and dirt from the scalp and hair.in bleaches, the high chemical activity of the active ingredients such as oxygen or chlorine molecules allows them to react with and break down organic molecules, such as pigments and stains. The high chemical activity also allows bleaches to kill bacteria and viruses, making them effective disinfectants.
