This document provides an overview of the Chemical Process Industries course. The objectives of the course are to familiarize students with converting raw materials into finished products on an industrial scale using conventional and green technology. Students will study various chemical industries including water treatment, cement/glass/ceramics, pulp/paper, oil/ghee, acids, alkalis, and fertilizers. The course will cover unit processes involving chemical changes, unit operations involving physical changes, and the economics of the chemical industry. Assessment will include assignments, quizzes, midterm and final papers. Recommended textbooks are also listed.

1. Chemical Process Industries
LECTURE 1
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2. 2
Name Of
Course/Module
Chemical Process Industries
Course Code Ch.E-103
Name of Academic
Staff
Engr. Tayyab Ali
Rationale for the
inclusion of course
in the program
To familiarize students with conversion of raw materials into
finished products on industrial scale using conventional and
green technology.
Semester 2nd
Credit Value (3,1)
Knowledge Area Engineering Foundation

3. 3 Objectives 1. To introduce students with the understanding of technical
and economic problems used in chemical process industries
2. To help them understanding the value of chemicals, the type
of problems met in their production, and the methods for
solving these problems in the chemical industry.
Learning Outcomes At the end of this course, students should be able to:
1. Consider the chemical processing of raw materials into useful
and profitable products.
2. Extensive use of flowcharts approach allows the students to
visualize a series of rational connected steps for a process,
greatly reducing the memorization so frequently required by
the academic chemical reaction approach.

4. Marks Distribution4
Description Percentage Observations
Attendance 5% Strict Compliance, also includes
class performance
Assignments 5% Knowledge about the chemical
industry
1st Quiz 10% Before Mid Term
2nd Quiz 10% After Mid Term
Mid Paper 30% -
Final Paper 40% Mid term course will also be
included

5. Course Outline
 Introduction to the process flow sheeting, flow diagrams, standard symbols
 Detailed study of following group of industries:
 Water treatment
 Silicate industries (Cement, Glass and Ceramics)
 Agro based industries (Pulp & Paper, Soap & Detergent, Oil & Ghee, Sugar)
 Acid industries (Hydrochloric acid, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid and Phosphoric acid)
 Alkali industries (Soda ash, Caustic soda and ammonia)
 Fertilizer industries (NPK based fertilizer)
 Classified chemicals (Insecticides, Explosives and Surface coating industries)
 Petrochemicals
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6. Objective
 The objectives may be summarized by stating that it has been the
endeavor to present the various chemical processes in a generalized form
through the correlation into flow sheets and descriptive text of the
following:
a. Unit processes: chemical change.
b. Unit operations: physical change.
c. Physical chemistry: equilibriums and reaction rates.
d. Economics: costs, statistics, and consumption.
e. Energy and power: chemical as well as electrical and mechanical.
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7. Recommended Books7
Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries George T. Austin
A text Book of Chemical Technology G. N. Pandey
Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry J. A. Kent
Chemical Process Technology J. Moulijin
M. Makkee
A. Van Diepen
• Main text book for this subject is Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries

8. Introduction
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9. Chemical Engineering
 Chemical engineering is that branch of engineering concerned with the
development and application of manufacturing processes in which
chemical or certain physical changes of materials are involved. These
processes may usually be resolved into a coordinated series of unit
physical operations and unit chemical processes. The work of the chemical
engineer is concerned primarily with the design, construction, and
operation of equipment and plants in which these unit operations and
processes are applied. Chemistry, physics, and mathematics are the
underlying sciences of chemical engineering, and economics its guide in
practice.
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   
Chemical Engineering = Unit Processes + Unit Operations
Chemical Changes Physical Changes

10. Unit Processes
 The unit process is a very useful concept for technical
chemical change.
 In unit process, processing of reactant in the feed takes place
i.e. reactants in feed get converted into products (by chemical
reaction)with the help of either energy supplied to the system
or generated by the system
 This naturally includes the machinery needed and the
economics involved, as well as the physical and chemical
phases."
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11. Unit Operations
 The unit operation is a physical change connected with the
industrial handling of chemicals or allied materials; it frequently is
tied in with the unit process as when heat flows into an
endothermic chemical reaction or out of an exothermic reaction.
 The unit operation may also be distinctly separated from the
chemical change as when, by "flow of fluid," a liquid is moved from
one part of an industrial establishment to another.
 In unit operations the mass and concentration change takes place
(between entrance and exit points)by providing energy from an
external source and no chemical change takes place. (for example
distillation, evaporation, mixing, etc.)
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12. Principal Unit Processes & Operations
Unit Processes Unit Operations
1. Combustion
2. Oxidation
3. Neutralization
4. Silicate Formation
5. Causticization
6. Electrolysis
7. Double Decomposition
8. Calcination, Dehydration
9. Nitration
10. Esterification
11. Reduction
12. Halogenation
13. Sulfonation
14. Hydrolysis
15. Hydrogenation
16. Alkylation
17. Condensation
18. Polymerization etc.
1. Fluid Dynamics
2. Heat Transfer Vs. Cooling
3. Evaporation
4. Humidification
5. Gas Absorption
6. Solvent Extraction
7. Adsorption
8. Distillation & Sublimation
9. Drying, High-vacuum distillation
10. Mixing
11. Sedimentation Vs. Fluidization
12. Filtration
13. Screening
14. Crystallization Vs. Extraction
15. Centrifugation
16. Size reduction Vs. Size enlargement
17. Materials Handling
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13. Assignment # 1
 Draw table using MS Office Word representing;
“What type of unit process/unit operation is being used in
plant/industry to produce which type of product by using
any specified equipment?”
 As Such;
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Unit Process Industry or Product Equipment
1. Combustion Fuel and Power Boilers (Steel, firebrick)

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THANKS!