This document summarizes a technical seminar presentation on a microelectronic pill. The pill contains sensors to measure parameters like temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen to detect diseases and abnormalities as it passes through the gastrointestinal tract. It has components like a control chip, radio transmitter, batteries, LED lighting, microcamera, sensors, and is powered by batteries. The pill transmits the sensor data it collects to a computer within a range of 1 meter. The pill is about 16mm in diameter, 55mm long, and weighs 5 grams. It can provide diagnostic information to detect various gastrointestinal conditions and diseases.

1. Technical Seminar on
“MicroElectronic-Pill”
Presented By-
Vaibhav kumar
Roll NO. 1516630045
Dr.A.I.T.HKANPUR
Department of Electronic Engineering
Submitted To:-
Mrs. Shweta Tripathi
(Asst. Prof. EL Department)
DATE:- Mar 17,2018

2. Contents:-
 Introduction
 Parts of micro electronic pill
 Schematic Diagram
 Control Chip
 Radio Transmitter
 2 Silver Oxide Cell
 LED Lightning Micro Camera
 Silicon Diode
 Ion-Selective Field Effect Transistor
 Direct Contact Gold Electrod
 3 Electrod ElectroChemical Cell
 Range & Accuracy
 Application
 Advantage & Limitation

3. INTRODUCTION:-
 Our Body is a sensitive system. At some situations, doctors can’t easily
detect diseases and hence it becomes too late to cure it. Use of electronic
pill helps us to easily detect the diseases and can take sudden action
against it.
 In 1972, Professor John Cooper and Dr. Eric Johannessen from Glasgow
University, U.K has led to the development of electronic pill.
 Measurement parameters of electronic pills include temperature analysis,
pH measurements, conductivity and dissolved oxygen.
 It can capture the thousand of picture inside human body.
 When it moves through gastro-intestinal track it starts to detect diseases
and abnormalities.
 The electronic pill travels to the digestive system, collects data and sends it
into the computer with a distance of 1 meter and more.
 This pill is covered by chemically resistant Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK)
coating.
 It has a 16mm diameter, a length of 55 mm and 5 gram weight.

4. Parts Of E-Pill:-
Parts
Control
chip
Biocompatible
capsule Encasing
Microsensor
Silicon
Diode
Ion-Slective Field Effect
Transistor(ISFET)
Direct Contact
Gold Electrod
3 Electrod
ElectroChemical
Cell
Radio
Transmitter
2 Silver
Oxide cell
LED lightning
Micro Camera

5. SCHEMATICDIAGRAM

6. Control chip:-
Countinue…

7. Control Chip:-
 The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is the control unit that
connects together other components of the micro system.
 It contains an analogue signal –conditioning module operating the
sensors, 10-bit analogue to digital (ADC) & digital to analogue (DAC)
converters, & digital data processing module.
 The conductivity circuit operates at D.C. It measures the resistance
across the electrode pair as an inverse function of solution conductivity.
 Analogue signals are sequenced through a multiplexer before being
digitized by ADC.
 ASIC & sensors consume 5.3 mW power corresponding to 1.7 mA of
current.

8. Radio Transmitter:-
 Size of transmitter = 8×5×3 mm
 Modulation Scheme = Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
 Data Transfer Rate = 1 kbps
 Frequency = 40.01 MHz at 20°C
 Bandwidth of the signal generated 10 KHz
 It consumes 6.8 mW power at 2.2 mA of current.

9. 2 Silver Oxide Cell:-
 Two SR44 Ag2O batteries are used.
 Operating Time > 40 hours.
 Power Consumption = 12.1 mW
 Corresponding current consumption = 3.9mA
 Supply Voltage = 3.1 V

10. LED Lightning Micro Camera:-
 In front part of the pill a small size camera is attached with small size LED.
 The pill travel through your body and take no. of pictures.
 The camera is tightly fixed with lens holder to avoid dislocation.
 It can detect object as small as 0.1 mm.

11. Silicon Diode:-
 It measures the body core temperature.
 Silicon diodes are the commonly used temperature sensors in
electronic equipments.
 It is a silicon integrated circuit at very low cost.
 It also identifies local changes associated with Tissue Inflammation
& Ulcers.

12. Ion-Selective Field Effect Transistor:-
 The ISFET measures pH.
 It can reveal pathological conditions associated with abnormal pH levels.
 These abnormalities include :-
 Pancreatic disease
 Hypertension
 Inflammatory bowel disease
 The activity of fermenting bacteria
 The level of acid excretion
 Reflux of oesophagus
 Effect of GI specific drugs on target organs.

13. Direct Contact Gold Electrod:-
 It helps to measure conductivity.
 Conductivity measures are done by measuring the contents of water and salt
absorption, breakdown of organic compounds into charged colloids and the bile
secretion.
 Since the gold has best conductivity among all the elements, Therefore it gives
true value of conductivity as measured.

14. 3 Electrod ElectroChemical Cell:-
 The three electrode electrochemical cell detects the level of
dissolved oxygen in solution.
 It measures the oxygen gradient from the proximal to the distal GI
Tract
 It investigates :-
 Growth of aerobic or bacterial infection
 Formation of radicals causing cellular injury & path physiological conditions
like inflammation & Gastric ulceration
 It develops 1st generation enzymes linked with amperometric biosensors

15. Range & Accuracy:-
 RANGE :-
Temperature from 0 to 70°C
pH from 1 to 13
Dissolved Oxygen up to 8.2 mg per liter
 Conductivity above 0.05 mScm-1
Full scale dynamic Range analogue signal = 2.8 V
 ACCURACY :-
pH channel is around 0.2 unit above the real value
Oxygen Sensor is ±0.4 mgL.
Temperature & Conductivity is within ±1%.

16. Application:-
 Biggest impact in the medical industry.
 Nano robots perform delicate surgeries.
 It is used to diagnose Malabsorption
 Pill cam ESO can detect esophageal diseases,
gastrointestinal reflex diseases,Barrett's esophagus.

17. Advantages:-
 It is being beneficially used for disease detection & abnormalities
in human body. There fore it is also called as MAGIC PILL FOR
HEALTH CARE.
 Adaptable for use in corrosive & quiescent environment .
 It can be used in industries in evaluation of water quality,
Pollution Detection, fermentation process control & inspection of
pipelines.
 Micro Electronic Pill utilizes a PROGRAMMABLE STANDBY MODE,
So Power consumption is very less.
 It has very small size, hence it is very easy for practical usage .
 High sensitivity, Good reliability & Life times.
 Very long life of the cells(40 hours), Less Power, Current &
Voltage requirement (12.1 mW, 3.9 mA, 3.1 V).
 Less transmission length & hence has zero noise interference.

18. Limitations:-
 Micro Electronic Pills are expensive & are not available in many countries.
 Still its size is not digestible to small babies.
 It cannot perform ultrasound & impedance tomography.
 Cannot detect radiation abnormalities.
 Cannot perform radiation treatment associated with cancer & chronic
inflammation.

19. Thank You…