Introduction to tourism

1. INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITALITY & TOURISM
INDUSTRY
BY
ATUL KUMAR SHARMA

2. COURSE OBJECTIVES
By the end of this course, students should be able to:
1. explain the concepts of, tourism and hospitality.
2. list the various types of accommodation.
3. list the various types of food service establishments.
4. define the concepts of attraction, destination, host community, service
quality, international and domestic tourism.
5. list the types of customers and benefits of customer service.

3. UNIT 1: TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
By the end of this unit, the student should be able to:
1. define tourism and a tourist
2. distinguish between a tourist and other travellers
3. describe the types of tourism and tourists
4. define hospitality and describe its relationship with tourism
5. explain the size of the global tourism/hospitality industry
6. list three economic importance of tourism/hospitality

4. SESSION 1: WHAT IS TOURISM? WHO IS A
TOURIST?
• Tourism refers to the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their
usual environment for more than one day but not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes other than to be remunerated at the place visited.
Key areas to note:
- Activities undertaken during the visit
- Movement (Outside the usual environment)
- Duration of stay
- Remuneration at the place visited

5. SCOPE OF TOURISM
• ‘ONE OF THE LARGEST AND MOST DYNAMIC INDUSTRIES OF TODAY’S GLOBAL
ECONOMY, TRAVEL AND TOURISM ..
• IT ACCOUNTS FOR US$6 TRILLION, OR 9%,’OF GLOBAL GROSS DOMESTIC PROD
• -
• UCT (GDP) AND IT SUPPORTS 260 MILLION JOBS WORLDWIDE, EITHER DIRECTLY
OR INDIRECTLY.
• THAT’S ALMOST 1 IN 12 OF ALL JOBS ON THE PLANET’ (WTTC 2012: 3).

6. • Now who is a tourist? *
• A tourist is therefore an individual who leaves his normal place of
residence for a period of more than one night and less than 1 year to pursue
activities for which no remuneration is received at the destination.

7. SESSION 2: DISTINCTION AND SIMILARITIES
BETWEEN TOURISM AND OTHER TYPES OF
TRAVEL
SIMILARITIES
- both require movement from one place to another
- both have to spend time at their destinations
- both engage in activities that give them

8. * DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TOURISTS AND OTHER TRAVELLERS
TOURISTS OTHER TRAVELERS
Tourists need to move outside their
normal environment
They can travel anywhere within and
outside their place of work and
residence
The tourist should spend at least 24
hours at the destination but not more
than a year
They can spend more than a year at the
destination
The tourist engages in activities that are
not remunerated at the destination
May engage in activities that they are
paid at the destination.

9. SESSION 3: TYPES OF TOURISM AND
TOURISTS
• There are different categorizations by which tourists as classified.
• according to UNWTO, tourism can be classified into 3 main types
DOMESTIC TOURISM
-This involves residents of a given country travelling only within that country
for tourism purposes. Eg. Tourism & hospitality class traveling to nzulezu or
mole NP etc.
INBOUND TOURISM
- Tourism involving non- residents traveling in the given country. That is
foreigners travelling to your country for tourism activities. Here you must

10. OUTBOUND TOURISM*
- Tourism involving residents traveling in another country. Here citizens of your
country travel out to another country for tourism purposes. Eg. Ghanaians travelling
to Kenya to visit the Safari etc…..
• Tourists are also categorized into 2 broad genres
DOMESTIC TOURISTS
• Tourists who travel within their own country / country of residence
INBOUND/INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS
• Are those who cross the borders of their countries of residence

11. SESSION 4: WHAT IS HOSPITALITY AND HOW DOES IT
RELATE TO TOURISM?
• HOSPITALITY - Implies the reception and entertainment of guests, visitors or strangers with
liberality and good will. The root of the word ‘hospitality’ is from the medieval word hospice
which refers to a rest house for travellers and pilgrims. The act of hospitality includes
welcoming, informing, comforting, and caring for people who are away from their homes.
Hospitality is an act of servitude.
• COMPONENTS OF HOSPITALITY
Food and beverage services (restaurants, chop bars, drinking spots, pubs)
Accommodation (hotels, motels, second homes, farm houses),
Entertainment services (night clubs, casinos), and
Event services

12. • *
Tourism involves movement of people
While
Hospitality focuses on hosting of travellers. Though they are in the same industry,
tourism is like the demand side and hospitality
• Even though tourists consume hospitality services these hospitality services do
not serve only tourists.

13. SESSION 5: HOW BIG IS TOURISM?
INDICATORS OF TOURISM/ HOSPITALITY GLOBAL SIZE
The global travel and tourism industry is double the size of automotive manufacturing and
roughly one-third larger than chemicals manufacturing [Source: World Travel And Tourism
Council- 2012].
Tourism accounts for 9% of Global Gross Domestic Product [UNWTO 2014]
It employs 1 in 11 people globally [UNWTO 2014]
There were over 1 billion tourists in 2013 [UNWTO 2014]
Global tourism receipts reached US$1159billion (or 1.1trillion dollars) in 2013 [UNWTO 2014]

14. SESSION 6: THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM
TO GHANA
•Some economic importance of tourism to Ghana
Job creation
Income generation for individuals and households
Revenue for local and central government
Foreign exchange earnings