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1. Progression of Models of Airplanes
By,
Aswin Raj

2. 1. Air India.
2. AirAsia India.
3. Air India Express.
4. Alliance Air.
5. GoAir.
6. Indigo.
7. SpiceJet.
8. Star Air.
9. TruJet.
10. Vistara.
11. Jet Airways (International).
LIST OF AIRLINES IN INDIA
(Scheduled Airlines):-

3. 1. Blue Dart Aviation.
2. QuikJet Airlines.
CARGO AIRLINES:-

4. WRIGHT BROTHERS (FOUNDERS):-

5. Orville Wright piloted the world’s first flight on December 17,
1903, marking the dawn of air travel. by the 1930s—The most
innovative era of flight—Dramatic leaps in design and
technology paved the way for the modern jet age. While
aviation advanced with each new model, the civilian aircraft
illustrated below were transformative, pushing boundaries,
elevating standards, and opening the skies to the masses. Today
about 600,000 people are in flight in any given minute. Driven by
efforts to reduce aviation’s environmental impact, the next
generation of flight may be defined by otherworldly designs.
These 9 Airplanes Transformed Flight
Over the Last Century:-

6. Speed : 64 MPH
Range : 175 Miles
Passengers : 1
Cost of One-Way ticket:
$5 (equivalent to $123
today)
THE OPEN-COCKPIT BIPLANE WAS FLOWN
BY THE ST. PETERSBURG-TAMPA AIRBOAT
LINE, THE WORLD’S FIRST SCHEDULED
AIRLINE.
BENOIST XIV (1914):-

7. 1. The first regular International Passenger Service, a
nearly three-hour flight on a biplane between Paris and
Brussels, began in 1919.
2. While the flight covered just 18
miles, the 23-minute journey saved 11 hours versus
traveling between the two cities by rail. With space for
only one passenger, the business wasn’t economically
viable and closed after three months.

8. Speed : 135 mph
Range : 500 miles
Passengers : 12
No.of tri-motor flew: 100
KNOWN AS THE “TIN GOOSE,” THIS ALL-
METAL—AND RACKETY—PLANE HAD A
STRONG SAFETY RECORD, MAKING AIR
TRAVEL MORE POPULAR.
FORD TRI-MOTOR (1926):-

9. 1. Charles Lindbergh, who flew the first solo transatlantic flight
in 1927, was instrumental in planning early U.S. Cross-Country
passenger routes.
2. As the most widely flown plane of the 1920s, due in part to
the trusted Ford name, the Tri-Motor formed the backbone of
early airline service. If one engine broke down, the plane could
continue flying on two engines. about 200 were made between
1926 and 1933.

10. Speed : 192 mph
Rage : 1,495 miles
Passengers : 28.
No.of Passengers
in percentage: 90.
DESIGNED FOR COMFORT AND PROFITABILITY,
THE PLANE ALLOWED AIRLINES TO HAUL
PASSENGERS WITHOUT RELYING ON SUBSIDIES.
DOUGLAS DC – 3 (1936):-

11. 1. Major airlines, including Delta and United, started forming in
the late 1920s, while the 1930s and 1940s saw the largest growth
in airports.
2. Intended for Cross-Country flight, an earlier model was lined
with 14 sleeping berths. When those were replaced with twice as
many seats, the airline turned a profit. Hundreds of the planes
are still in use worldwide—more than six decades since the last
one was built.

12. Speed:526 mph
Range: 3,120 miles
Passengers : 99.
4 -Rolls Royal Engines
powered the comet.
The British-made comet was the world’s first Jet
Airliner, but just as it began to dominate the
commercial market, a fatal flaw grounded it.
DE HAVILLAND D. H. 106 COMET
(1952):-

13. 1. The Airmail and Commercial transit industries got a
boost after the world wars as Surplus Warplanes were
converted for new uses.
2. Flying higher and faster than propeller- driven
airliners, the jet represented a major advance. But in
1954 two crashed when the Fuselages broke apart, and
by the time the company provided a fix in a new
model, the comet had lost its lead to the Boeing 707
and Douglas DC-8.

14. Speed:600 mph
Range:3,000 miles
Passengers: 181.
1010 produced for
civilian use.
WITH ITS HIGH SPEED, COMFORT, AND LONG
RANGE, THE FIRST AMERICAN JET AIRLINER
REVOLUTIONIZED TRAVEL, KICKING THE JET
AGE INTO TOP GEAR.
BOEING 707 (1958):-

15. 1. More than a million passengers flew across the
Atlantic in 1958, finally surpassing the number of
Atlantic steamship travelers.
2. The 707 laid the foundation for Boeing’s dominance
of the market. It became the standard for modern
commercial aircraft design, including the location of
passenger doors on the left side at the front and rear of
the cabin. Most 707s in service today have been
converted to freighters.

16. Speed: 640 mph
Range : 6,000 miles
Passengers: 490.
64ft -The 747 Tail is
the height of a
s Six-story building.
AS THE FIRST WIDE-BODY AIRLINER, THE
JUMBO JET UPPED SEATING CAPACITY,
MAKING AIR TRAVEL AFFORDABLE FOR THE
MASSES.
BOEING 747 (1969):-

17. 1. The development of Quieter Turbofan engines in
the 1970s lowered the noise jets make in flight from a
screech to a buzz.
2. Monumental compared to previous airliners, the 747
dramatically lowered ticket costs. Still in production, it
remained the largest airliner until the airbus A380 was
introduced in 2007. While the 747 is being phased out
of commercial flight, it’s regularly used for freight.

18. Speed : 1350 mph
Range : 4,143 mile
Passenger : 100.
3 Hours between London
and New York, more than
halving flying time.
TRAVELING FASTER THAN THE SPEED OF
SOUND, THE JET WAS THE FIRST AND ONE OF
ONLY TWO SUPERSONIC TRANSPORTS TO FLY
COMMERCIALLY.
CONCORDE (1976):-

19. 1. Before the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, carriers
competed on service alone. The U.S. Government
controlled fares and routes ; the act transferred that
power to airlines.
2. Operated by Air France and British Airways, the
Concorde was a technological masterpiece but
impractical. Supersonic flight is power-intense, resulting
in more fuel-burn and costly ticket prices. The sonic
boom it produced meant that it could fly at top speed
only over water, away from populated areas. The plane
took its last flight in 2003.

20. Speed : 515 mph
Range : 3,300 miles
Passengers : 180.
No.in operation: 4,393.
THE A320 WAS THE FIRST TO FLY BY COMPUTER
PROGRAMMING. THE SYSTEM WAS LIGHTER,
MORE PRECISE, AND RELIABLE, REDUCING A
PILOT’S WORKLOAD.
AIRBUS A320 (1988):-

21. 1. After Deregulation new carriers rushed in to the
market ; Veterans such as Pan Am and TWA that had
once monopolized international traffic began to
decline.
2. With Digital flight instrument displays, the A320 set a
new standard for aircraft design, sparking a heated
competition with the rival Boeing 737. The A320 was
also the first to use winglets (in red), which reduce drag
and thus save fuel.

22. Speed : 595 mph
Range : 8,464 miles
Passengers: 242.
20% fuel saving over
similar size Aluminium
design.
THE FIRST AIRCRAFT MADE FROM MAINLY
COMPOSITE PARTS, THE 787 IS LIGHTER AND
STRONGER THAN TRADITIONAL ALUMINUM
ALLOY PLANES.
BOEING 787 DREAM LINER (2011):-

23. 1. The Boeing 777-200LR flies the longest nonstop
route: 9,000 miles between Doha and Auckland,
crossing 10 time zones.
2. Efficiency and comfort set the Dream liner apart
from its predecessors. Its longer range and fuel savings
are opening up more point-to-point routes, so
passengers have fewer layovers. Since longer flights
could lead to fatigue and headaches, pressure and
humidity are kept at higher levels in the cabin.

24. FUTURE
PROTOTYPES

25. Concepts are under development to increase efficiency
and speed, and reduce emissions. In 2016 NASA
renewed its emphasis on these so-called X-planes with
its new aviation horizons project, which aims to
introduce the commercial market to new technologies
and to reduce sonic boom.
PROTOTYPES:-

26. REFERENCE:-
■ https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/
urban-expeditions/transportation/passenger-
aircraft-milestones/