2. I. What is a ‘noun clause’ ? It is a group of words containing a verb and functioning as a noun. A sentence can contain one or more clauses. II. What is the function of a ‘noun clause’ ? Just like a noun, a noun clause is used to refer to a person, place or thing. Observe : Where does Jane live? I don’t know Jane’s address. I don’t know where Jane lives. I don’t know Jane’s address. I don’t know where Jane lives. (noun) (noun clause)

3. Look at the example : Who did they see? Did they see John? Did they see Tom? I don’t know who they saw. I don’t know whether they saw John or not. Who who Did whether What are some noun clause markers? Wh- words (Who, Why, Where, What, When, Which, Whose, How) Wh-ever words (Wherever, Whatever, Whoever, However etc.) Whether That

4. I. Wh- Words Observe the word order : - J ane’s flat (n) is spacious. => Where Jane lives is spacious. - The reason (n) Jack is leaving is a secret. => Why Jack is leaving is a secret. - I don’t know his destination (n) => I don’t know where he’s going . - We really like Mary’s house (n) => We really like where Mary lives .

5. Observe the word order (2) : - Most of us believe in Janet’s words. => Most of us believe in what Janet says. - I really do not approve of the person she’s dating. => I really do not approve of who(m) she’s dating. - I don’t know that man => I don’t know who he is. * Such noun clauses can be used in both the subject and the object position.

7. III. Wh- ever Words Whoever Whereever (any place) Whatever/Whichever (any thing) Whomever (any person) Whenever (any time) However (any manner, any way) Whatever you do, I will always love you! You can do whatever you like unless you disturb others. I will have a good time with whoever you choose to invite.

11. I hope you have enjoyed this presentation. You can find more examples and exercises in your books. Thank you, İ pek