1MW Solar PV Plant Technical Overview

Acknowledgement
&
Project Overview
The aim of this project report is to estimate and calculate the
approximate design of a 1MW solar PV power plant (utility scale).
The total no. of solar panel required and the different parameters
of the solar panel estimated. A site in West Bengal is taken
virtually to estimate the solar intensity of the site which is most
important for calculation of such type of report.
A Single Line Diagram (SLD) has been introduced in this report.
Also the brief details of the materials/equipments (solar panels,
inverters, protective gears, transformer, SCADA etc.) used to set
up a 1MW power plant have been highlighted.
A financial overview with a possible income datasheet included in
the project report
Please give your feedback via email to this email address:
amrit.mandal0191@gmail.com
1

Contents
1. Aimof theproject
2. Financial overview
3. Global market pricetrendsof solar panel
4. Technical Calculation/Estimation&Specification
i. Solar panel
ii. Inverter
iii. Protectivegears
iv. SCADAsystem
v. Transformer
5. Singlelinediagram&Schematics
2

1. Aim of the project
Aim of this paper is to give an overview of a 1MW solar PV power plant (utility
scale).
How the project will work?
1. Using solar pv modules, solar power generates in DC which is converted into
AC power and then using a power transformer the generated and modified
AC power will be fed to the grid.
2. No battery storage introduced here because the plant will only functions in the
daylight and here the generated power will be sold to the grid.
3. For the minimal operation and maintenance of the plant, an off-grid/stand
alone 5KW solar power can be introduced.
The benefits and the installation cost details are highlighted in the next article.
3

2. Financial Overview
Installation cost, total project cost, maintenance cost and also the total & net
income from the plant over a year are highlighted in this article.
Installation cost
1. Solar panels
i. German tech.
ii. China tech.
5.93 cr
4.1 cr
2. Central inverters(4) 1 cr
3. Combiner + junction boxes 30 lacs
4. Protective gears arrangment 10 lacs
5. SCADA & Data logger system 10 lacs
6. Land bank 5 lacs (approx.)
7. Erection of project 10 lacs
8. Total project cost
i. For German Tech.
ii. For China Tech
7.58 cr
5.75 cr
Maintenance cost
1. Human resource 20 lacs/ year
2. PV maintenance 1 lacs/ year
3. Site maintenance 1 lacs/ year
4. Total maintenance cost 22 lacs/ year
4

Income from the 1 MW solar PV plant
The site chosen in West Bengal where daily sun hours=5 hrs through
out the year.
Maximum Solar intensity on the site= 6.18 KW-h/m2
/day
Total sunny days available in west Bengal = 255 days
Income from plant
1. Daily units generated 5000 units
2. Yearly units generated 5000x365=1,825,000 units
3. Govt. pays per unit
(i.e. state electricity board’s power
purchase rate)
12.5 / unit
(according to WBREDA 2011-12)
4. Total income over the year 2.28 cr
5. net income over the year 2.28-0.22=2.06 cr
Govt. subsidiaries :
Central govt. or MNRE dept. will pay 30% of the total project cost or
provide low bank loan interest (whichever is less)
For this project, by taking the 30% govt. subsidy over the installation
cost, investment will be:
i. 5.30 cr for German PV technology
ii. 4.02 cr for China PV technology
5

Variation of m arket price index solar PV m odules:
From august, 2 0 1 1 to august, 2 0 1 2
Price trends August 20 12
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2012-
07
Trend since 2012-
01
Crystalline
Germany
0.88 - 3.3 % - 17.8 %
Crystalline China 0.61 - 4.7 % - 22.8 %
Crystalline Japan 0.91 - 2.2 % - 13.3 %
Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.59 - 1.7 % - 13.2 %
Thin film a-Si 0.50 - 2.0 % - 16.7 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,57 - 3.4 % - 25.0 %
Price trends July 2012
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2012-
06
Trend since 2012-
01
Crystalline
Germany
0.91 - 2.2 % - 15.0 %
Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.60 0.0 % - 11.8 %
Thin film a-Si 0.51 - 3.8 % - 15.0 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,59 - 4.8 % - 22.4 %
6

Price trends June 2 012
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2012-
05
Trend since 2012-
01
Crystalline
Germany
0.93 - 3.1 % - 13.1 %
Thin film a-Si 0.53 - 3.6 % - 11.7 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,62 - 4.6 % - 18.4 %
Price trends May 2 012
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2012-
04
Trend since 2012-
01
Crystalline
Germany
0.96 - 3.0 % - 10.3 %
Thin film a-Si 0.55 - 1.8 % - 8.3 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,65 - 4.4 % - 14.5 %
Price trends April 2 012
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2012-
03
Trend since 2012-
01
Crystalline
Germany
0.99 - 2.9 % - 7.5 %
Thin film a-Si 0.56 - 1.8 % - 6.7 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,68 - 4.2 % - 10.5 %
7

Price trends March 201 2
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2012-
02
Trend since 2012-
01
Crystalline
Germany
1.02 - 1.0 % - 4.7 %
Thin film a-Si 0.57 0.0 % - 5.0 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,71 - 1.4 % - 6.6 %
Price trends February 20 12
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2012-
01
Trend since 2011-
01
Crystalline
Germany
1.03 - 3.7 % - 39.7 %
Thin film a-Si 0.57 - 5.0 % - 47.0 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0.72 - 5.3 % - 43.0 %
Price trends January 20 12
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2011-
12
Trend since 2011-
01
Crystalline
Germany
1.07 - 4.5 % - 37.3 %
Thin film a-Si 0.60 - 6.3 % - 44.2 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0.76 - 7.3 % - 39.8 %
8

Price trends Decem ber 2011
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2011-
11
Trend since 2011-
01
Crystalline
Germany
1.12 - 4.8 % - 34.4 %
Thin film a-Si 0.64 - 4.9 % - 40.5 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0.82 - 3.5 % - 35.1 %
Price trends Novem ber 201 1
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2011-
10
Trend since 2011-
01
Crystalline
Germany
1.18 - 8.7 % - 31.1 %
Thin film a-Si 0.67 - 8.5 % - 37.4 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0.85 - 5.0 % - 32.8 %
Price trends October 20 11
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2011-
09
Trend since 2011-
01
Crystalline
Germany
1.29 - 3.0 % - 24.5 %
Thin film a-Si 0.74 - 4.5 % - 31.6 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0.89 - 3.9 % - 29.2 %
9

Price trends Septem ber 201 1
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2011-
08
Trend since 2011-
01
Crystalline
Germany
1.33 - 4.4 % - 22.2 %
Thin film a-Si 0.77 - 9.6 % - 28.4 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,93 - 5.2 % - 26.4 %
Price trends August 20 11
Module type,
origin
€ /
Wp
Trend since 2011-
07
Trend since 2011-
01
Crystalline
Germany
1.39 - 4.7 % - 18.6 %
Thin film a-Si 0.85 - 5.8 % - 20.8 %
Thin film a-Si/µ-Si 0,98 - 1.8 % - 22.3 %
1.00 EUR = 69.3608 INR
Euro Indian Rupee
1 EUR = 69.3608 INR 1 INR = 0.0144174 EUR
10

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Crystalline
Germany
Crystalline
China
Crystalline
japan
Thin film
CdS/CdTe
Thin film a-
Si
Thin film a-
Si/µ-Si
EURO/W
p market scenario of solar PV modules
aug,2012
jul,2012
jun,2012
may,2012
apr,2012
mar,2012
feb,2012
jan,2012
dec,2011
nov,2011
oct,2011
11

Calculation details of solar modules overall ratings
and no. of solar panel used
Worksheet for determining required number of panels
Total capacity of the plant 1MWp
Avg. sun hrs per day 5
Total power/day 5MWp
Total watt-hrs per day 5x1000x1000 W-h/day
Maximum solar insolation at the site 6.18 KW-h/m2
/day
Divide total watt-hrs/day by solar
insolation
809061.4887
Multiply this figure by 1.2(to cover
system inefficiency)
809061.4887x1.2=970873.7864
No. of solar panel=Divide this figure by
the Wp(here 300Wp) of the chosen solar
panel
3236.3
~3236**
**for better efficiency and to utilize the inverter and other components better we
should consider the no. of solar panel=3240
12

Solar PV arrangement & overall system rating
Rating of solar panel
Wattp (W) 300Wp
DC Voltage (Vmp( V)) 36.72V
DC Current (Imp (A)) 8.17A
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc (V)) 45.50
Short Circuit Current (Isc (A)) 8.65
Setup of panels as per requirements
By calculation and the demand of the plant,
The total no. of solar pv panels to be used= 3236
From 3236 panels, total 3240 panels are considered to generate the required energy-
1MW.
Configuration details:
• 3240 panels are divided into 4 groups- each group containing 810 solar panels.
• In each group, 810 panels are further divided into 54 strings
• Each string contains 15 solar panels.
Electrical calculation:
Output voltage of each string 36.72x15=550.8 VDC
Output current of each string 8.17 ADC
Output voltage of each group 550.8 VDC
Output current of each group 8.17x54=441.18 ADC
NOTE: in each string, the solar panels are connected in series to increase the voltage. And
in each group, the 54 strings are connected in parallel to increase the current.
DC output power calculation:
Output power of each string 550.8x8.17=4.5 KW
Output power of each group 243KW
Output power of 4 groups 972KW
13

• The above specifications are available with TITAN ENERGY SYSTEMS LTD.
Their module spec TITAN M6-72 Polycrystalline (high efficiency) has been
used as a reference.
• A datasheet/spec. sheet of TITAN M6-72 Polycrystalline has been provided in
this report.
• Please go through it for more details.
14

Typical Electrical Characteristics
Type TITAN M6-72
Max Power Pmp (W) 275 280 285
Power Tolerance (W) +0 to 4.9Wp or ±2.5%
Max Power Voltage Vmp(V) 35.04 35.18 36.12
Max Power Current Imp (A) 7.85 7.96 8.03
Open Circuit Voltage Voc (V) 43.99 44.28 44.78
Short Circuit Current Isc (A) 8.39 8.46 8.53
Max System Voltage VDC 1000
Number, type and arrangement of cells 72, Multi-Crystalline, 12 x 6 Matrix
Cell Size 6” x 6” / 156 x 156 mm
No. of By-pass Diodes 3
Max Series Fuse (A) 15
Pm Temperature Co-efficient (γ) (%/°C) -0.41
Isc Temperature Co-efficient (α) (%/°C) +0.04
Voc Temperature Co-efficient (β) (%/°C) -0.32
NOCT at STC (°C) 45±1
Mechanical Characteristics
Junction Box Tyco / ZJRH / Huber + Suhner
Type of connector Tyco / MC4
Dimensions (L x W x Th) mm 1975 x 988 x 50
Weight Kg 27.0
No. of Drain Holes in Frame 12
Glass Type and Thickness 4 mm Thick, Low iron, Tempered
Packing Configuration
Packing Configuration 20 Modules in each pallet
1 * 20 Ft 200 Modules
1 * 40 Ft STD/HQ 400 modules
Absolute Ratings
Operating Temperature (°C) -40 ~ +85
Storage Temperature (°C) -40 ~ +85
PV Module TITAN M6-72
Product Guarantee : 5 years
Limited Power Warranty : 90% @ 12 Years
80% @ 25 Years
High Efficiency PV Modules
35.63
8.00
44.42
8.49
290
265
34.33
7.72
43.27
8.30
Titan Energy Systems Ltd
a member of SARSA group
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company
Strengths
• Positive power tolerance
• High Efficiency Multi Crystalline Modules
• TUV Certifications:
• Withstands heavy loading due to snow & ice;
Has higher safety margin for storm weather
and gale winds
NOTE: The data presented may change due to further improvements in the product.
Certifications
Electrical parameters tolerance ±5%
EN IEC 61215 : 2005
EN IEC 61730-1 : 2004 / 2007
EN IEC 61730-2 : 2004 / 2007
36.51
8.08
45.00
8.56
295
36.72
8.17
45.50
8.65
300
36.97
8.25
45.58
8.68
305
270
34.75
7.77
43.70
8.34
EN IEC 61701 : 2010-02
• Qualified for Highly corrosive Wet-
Atmospheres & Environments
15

PV Module TITAN M6-72
Dimensions
PV Module Products
M6-72 Family Series (305Wp to 125Wp) : M6-72, M6-60, M6-54 & M6-36 - Certified for IEC Standards
S6-60 Family Series (250Wp to 120Wp) : S6-60, S6-54 & S6-36 - Certified for IEC Standards
S6-60 - Certified for UL (USA & Canada) Standard
S5-96 Family Series (250Wp to 75Wp) : S5-96, S5-72, S5-60, S5-54 & S5-36 - Certified for IEC Standards
M6-60: Certified for UL (USA & Canada) Standard; M6-72: Certification for UL (USA & Canada) is in Progress
S6-72 Family Series (300Wp to 285Wp) : Certification for IEC & UL (USA & Canada) Standards
www.titan-energy.com
TITAN Energy Systems Ltd,
16, Aruna Enclave, Trimulgherry,
Secunderabad – 500 015, INDIA
Phone: +91 (0)40 27791085, 27790751
Fax: +91 (0)40 27795629
Email: info@titan-energy.com
Corporate Office (India) :
TITAN Energy Systems Ltd,
Basel, 4052
Switzerland
Phone: +41-6150-0052-9
Email: info.eu@titan-energy.com
Sales Office (Europe) :
50+0.5 mm
DATA Label
Warning Label
Terminal Box
100+1mm
592+1mm
591+1mm
592+1mm
100+1mm
4 Sq mm Cable, 1Mtr Length
with Connectors
3.9 mm Ø EARTHING
HOLES - 2 nos
100+1 mm
237.5+1 mm
375+1 mm
REAR VIEW
988+1 mm
943.5+1 mm
8X12- MOUNTING
SLOTS - 10 nos
4.5mm Ø DRAIN HOLES -12 nos
Embossed
Earth Symbol
100+1mm
375+1 mm
1975± 1 mm
FRONT VIEW
(One on each long member)
(5 on each long member)
FRAME
SIDE RAIL
988± 1 mm
1975 ± 1mm
Sl.No.Label
Typical I-V Curves
Current/voltage dependence on irradiance and module temperature.
These I-V curves indicate the effect of temperature and light intensity on module Performance.
1000 W/m at 25 C
2 O
1000 W/m at 25 C
2 O
800 W/m at 25 C
2 O
800 W/m at 25 C
2 O
600 W/m at 25 C
2 O
600 W/m at 25 C
2 O
400 W/m at 25 C
2 O
400 W/m at 25 C
2 O
200 W/m at 25 C
2 O
200 W/m at 25 C
2 O
Current
(A)
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0 10.0
1000 W/m at 50 C
2 O
1000 W/m at 50 C
2 O
Voltage (V)
20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
16

Inverter Details & Specification
Type of the inverter: central inverter considered
Recommended specification
Input (DC)
Max input power 300 kWp
DC voltage range, mpp (UDC) 450 to 750 V (- 825 V)
Maximum DC voltage (Umax (DC)) 900 V (1000 V)
Maximum DC current (Imax (DC)) 600 A
Voltage ripple < 3%
Number of protected DC inputs (parallel) 2 (+/-) / 8
Output (AC)
Nominal AC output power (PN (AC)) 250 kW
Nominal AC current (IN (AC)) 485 A
Nominal output voltage (UN (AC)) 300 V
Output frequency 50 / 60 Hz
Harmonic distortion, current < 3%
Power factor compensation (cosϕ ) Yes
Distribution network type TN and IT
• To meet the above stated criteria, central inverter manufactured by ABB is
considered.
• PVS800-57-0250kW-A inverter manufactured by ABB considered.
• Total 4 inverters of PVS800-57-0250kW-A type required to generate the 1MW
power.
• Brief details of this inverter can be collected from the official website of
ABB.
17

ABB central inverters
PVS800
100 to 500 kW
ABB central inverters raise reliability,
efficiency and ease on installation to
new levels. The inverters are aimed
at system integrators and end users
who require high performance solar
inverters for large photovoltaic power
plants and industrial and commercial
buildings. The inverters are available
from 100 kW up to 500 kW, and are
optimized for cost-efficient multi-
megawatt power plants.
World’s leading inverter platform
The ABB solar inverters have been
developed on the basis of decades
of experience in the industry and
proven technology platform. Unrivalled
expertise from the world’s market and
technology leader in variable speed AC
and DC drives is the hallmark of the
new solar inverter series.
Based on ABB’s highly successful
platform of industrial drives - the most
widely used industrial drives on the
market – the inverters are the most
efficient and cost-effective way to
convert the direct current generated
by solar modules into high-quality and
CO2
-free alternating current that can be
fed into the power network.
Solar inverters from ABB
ABB central inverters are ideal for
large photovoltaic power plants and
medium sized power plants installed
in commercial or industrial buildings.
High efficiency, proven components,
compact and modular design and a
host of life cycle services ensures ABB
central inverters provide a rapid return
on investment.
Highlights
− High efficiency and long operating life
− Modular and compact product design
− Extensive DC and AC side protection
− Power factor compensation as
standard
− Fast and easy installation
− Complete range of industrial-type
data communication options,
including remote monitoring
− Life cycle service and support
through ABB’s extensive global
service network
Solar inverters
18

2 ABB solar inverters | Product flyer for PVS800
Technical data and types
Type designation PVS800-57-0100kW-A PVS800-57-0250kW-A PVS800-57-0500kW-A
100 kW 250 kW 500 kW
Input (DC)
Recommended max input power (PPV) 1)
120 kWp 300 kWp 600 kWp
DC voltage range, mpp (UDC) 450 to 750 V (- 825 V*) 450 to 750 V (- 825 V*) 450 to 750 V (- 825 V*)
Maximum DC voltage (Umax (DC)) 900 V (1000 V*) 900 V (1000 V*) 900 V (1000 V*)
Maximum DC current (Imax (DC)) 245 A 600 A 1145 A
Voltage ripple < 3% < 3% < 3%
Number of protected DC inputs (parallel) 1 (+/-) / 4 2)
2 (+/-) / 8 2)
4 (+/-) / 16 2)
Output (AC)
Nominal AC output power (PN (AC)) 100 kW 250 kW 500 kW
Nominal AC current (IN (AC)) 195 A 485 A 965 A
Nominal output voltage (UN (AC)) 3)
300 V 300 V 300 V
Output frequency 4)
50 / 60 Hz 50 / 60 Hz 50 / 60 Hz
Harmonic distortion, current 5)
< 3% < 3% < 3%
Power factor compensation (cosϕ) Yes Yes Yes
Distribution network type 6)
TN and IT TN and IT TN and IT
Efficiency
Maximum 7)
98.0% 98.0% 98.0%
Euro-eta 7)
97.5% 97.6% 97.6%
Power consumption
Own consumption in operation < 350 W < 300 W < 600 W
Standby operation consumption < appr. 55 W < appr. 55 W < appr. 55 W
External auxiliary voltage 8)
230 V, 50 Hz 230 V, 50 Hz 230 V, 50 Hz
Dimensions and weight
Width / Height / Depth, mm (W / H / D) 1030 / 2130 / 644 1830 / 2130 / 644 3030 / 2130 / 644
Weight appr. 550 kg 1100 kg 1800 kg
1)
Inverter limits the power to a safe level
2)
Optional MCB inputs, 80 A each
3)
Grid voltage (+/- 10%)
4)
Grid frequency (48 to 63 Hz)
ABB central inverters
Maximum energy and feed-in revenues
ABB central inverters have a high
efficiency level. Optimized and accurate
system control and a maximum power
point tracking (MPPT) algorithm ensure
that maximum energy is delivered to the
power network from the solar modules.
For end users this generates the highest
possible revenues from the feed-in
tariffs now common in many countries.
Proven ABB components
The inverters comprise proven ABB
components with a long track record of
performance excellence in demanding
applications and harsh environments.
Equipped with extensive electrical and
mechanical protection, the inverters
are engineered to provide a long and
reliable service life of at least 20 years.
Compact and modular design
The inverters are designed for fast and
easy installation. The industrial design
and modular platform provides a wide
range of options like remote monitoring,
fieldbus connection and integrated DC
cabinets. The inverters are customized
and configured to meet end user needs
and are available with short delivery times.
Effective connectivity
ABB’s transformerless central inverter
series enables system integrators to
design the solar power plant using a
combination of different power rating
inverters, which are connected to the
medium voltage grid centrally.
In certain conditions, the ABB central
inverter’s topology allows a parallel
connection directly to the AC side,
enabling electricity to be fed to the grid
via a single transformer. This avoids the
need for each central inverter to have
its own transformer, thereby saving cost
and space. However, in systems where
the DC side needs to be grounded,
an inverter dedicated winding within a
transformer, or a separate transformer,
must be used always.
5)
At nominal power
6)
300 V output must be IT type
7)
Without auxiliary power consumption at 450 V UDC
8)
115 V, 60 Hz optional
* Max 1000 VDC input voltage as an option
with mppt range 450 to 825 V. If DC is >
1000 VDC inverter is not damaged, but will
not start.
19

Product flyer for PVS800 | ABB solar inverters 3
Type designation PVS800-57-0100kW-A PVS800-57-0250kW-A PVS800-57-0500kW-A
100 kW 250 kW 500 kW
Environmental limits
Degree of protection IP22 / IP42 9)
IP22 / IP42 9)
IP22 / IP42 9)
Ambient temperature range (nominal ratings) 10)
-15 °C to +40 °C -15 °C to +40 °C -15 °C to +40 °C
Maximum ambient temperature 11)
+50 °C +50 °C +50 °C
Relative humidity, not condensing 15% to 95% 15% to 95% 15% to 95%
Maximum altitude (above sea level) 12)
2000 m 2000 m 2000 m
Maximum noise level 75 dBA 75 dBA 13)
75 dBA 13)
Cooling air flow 1300 m3
/h 1880 m3
/h 3760 m3
/h
Protection
Ground fault monitoring 9)
Yes Yes Yes
Grid monitoring 9)
Yes Yes Yes
Anti-islanding 9)
Yes Yes Yes
DC reverse polarity Yes Yes Yes
AC and DC short circuit and over current Yes Yes Yes
AC and DC over voltage and temperature Yes Yes Yes
User interface and communications
Local user interface ABB local control panel ABB local control panel ABB local control panel
Analog inputs / outputs 1/2 1/2 1/2
Digital inputs / relay outputs 3/1 3/1 3/1
Fieldbus connectivity Modbus, PROFIBUS, Ethernet
Product compliance
Safety and EMC CE conformity according to LV and EMC directives
Certifications and approvals VDE, CEI, UNE, RD, EDF
Grid support Reactive power compensation, Power reduction, Low voltage ride through 9)
ABB central inverter design and grid connection
9)
Optional
10)
Frosting is not allowed. May need optional cabinet heating.
11)
Power derating after 40 °C
12)
Power derating above 1000 m. Above 2000 m special requirements.
13)
At partial power typically < 70 dBA
PVS800 inverter
PVS800 inverter
3
3
Control
and
monitor
Control
and
monitor
Filter
Filter
EMC
filter
EMC
filter
EMC
filter
EMC
filter
20

3AUA0000057380
REV
F
EN
21.4.2011
#15642
ABB central inverter data communication principle
250 kWp solar array 250 kWp solar array
250 kWp solar array
250 kWp solar array
Central inverter
Central inverter
Central inverter
Central inverter
Internet
Local PC
Remote PC
Field bus
Medium voltage
transformers
3-phase 20 kV
Modbus Adapter module
For more information contact
your local ABB representative or visit:
www.abb.com/solar
www.abb.com
© Copyright 2011 ABB. All rights reserved.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Accessories
− Solar array junction boxes with string
monitoring
− Remote monitoring solutions
− Warranty extensions possible
− Solar inverter care contracts
Options
− Increased IP ratings for cabinets
− Integrated DC input extension
cabinets
− AC output grounding switch
− Cabinet heating
− I/O extensions
− Extended voltage range, 1000 VDC
max.
− DC grounding (negative฀and฀positive)฀
− Fieldbus and Ethernet connections
Support and service
ABB supports its customers with a
dedicated service network in more
than 60 countries and provides a
complete range of life cycle services
from installation and commissioning to
preventative maintenance, spare parts,
repairs and recycling.
Junction box with monitoring
Integrated DC input extension cabinets
21

Protection and safety measurements
A schematic of the protection system
22

The main protections and protective gears are named here.
DC Side Protection
1. Fuses
A. for string protection
B. Fuses for array/inverter input protection
2. Fuse holders-
A. For string protection
B. Panel mount fuse holder
C. In-line fuse holders
D. Array/inverter input protection
E. Dead front fuse covers
3. Surge protection devices
4. DC switch
A. Load break disconnect switches
B. High power switches
5. Cooling devices
A. Air and liquid cooled solutions
6. Wire management solutions
A. Finger-safe power distribution blocks
B. Finger-safe comb wiring bar
7. Ground-fault protection
23

AC Side Protection
1. Circuit breaker
2. Bar contractor
3. Insulation monitoring device
24

• For safety purpose and protection of the modules
and plant equipments , protective gears from
Schneider Electric have been considered for
maximum benefits.
• Details of safety measurements and protective
gears provided by Schneider Electric given in
their official website.
25

Solar SCADA system
Data acquisition system for a solar plant is very important because it is important to
monitor the over all system condition including input/output condition, temperature, solar
insolation, weather condition, voltage/current fluctuation, output power condition, surge
effect, load dispatch etc.
So, in this point of view a compact system with well service provider need to be pointed
out.
ABB provides the monitoring facility/SCADA for solar (PV) power plants and the ABB
inverter itself has an in-built SCADA system.
So, for monitoring and controlling of the over all power system of
the plant, ABB SOLAR SCADA system is recommended here.
26

Block diagram & SLD
Block diagram representation of the system with SCADA &
Data Logger facility
27

YIELD ASSESSMENT OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT
Report number: PV-2037-1209-6
Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100)
1. Site info
Site name: Durgapur
Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
Coordinates: 23° 32' 37.84" N, 87° 22' 44.67" E
Elevation a.s.l.: 69 m
Slope inclination: 1°
Slope azimuth: 61° northeast
Annual global in-plane irradiation: 1942 kWh/m
2
Annual air temperature at 2 m: 26.3 °C
2. PV system info
Installed power: 1000.0 kWp
Type of modules: crystalline silicon (c-Si)
Mounting system: fixed mounting, free standing 2 angles
Azimuth/inclinations: 180° (south) / 48° (winter), 17° (summer)
Inverter Euro eff.: 97.5%
DC / AC losses: 5.5% / 1.5%
Availability: 99.0%
Annual average electricity production: 1470.7 MWh
Average performance ratio: 75.8%
Location on the map: http://solargis.info/imaps/#loc=23.543845,87.379074&tl=Google:Satellite&z=14
3. Geographic position
Google Maps © 2012 Google
4. Terrain horizon and day length
Left: Path of the Sun over a year. Terrain horizon (drawn by grey filling) and module horizon (blue filling) may have
shading effect on solar radiation. Black dots show True Solar Time. Blue labels show Local Clock Time.
Right: Change of the day length and solar zenith angle during a year. The local day length (time when the Sun is above the
horizon) is shorter compared to the astronomical day length, if obstructed by higher terrain horizon.
© 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o. page 1 of 4

Site: Durgapur, India, lat/lon: 23.5438°/87.3791°
PV system: 1000.0 kWp, crystalline silicon, fixed 2 angles, azim. 180° (south), inclination W 48°, S 17°
© 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o. Report number: PV-2037-1209-6 Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100) page 2 of 4
5. Global horizontal irradiation and air temperature - climate reference
Month Gh
m
Gh
d
Dh
d
T
24
Jan 126 4.05 2.10 18.1
Feb 139 4.96 2.23 22.1
Mar 184 5.93 2.56 27.1
Apr 192 6.42 2.93 31.8
May 190 6.12 3.28 33.7
Jun 152 5.08 3.17 32.0
Jul 140 4.51 2.98 29.3
Aug 140 4.51 2.92 28.4
Sep 132 4.40 2.66 27.4
Oct 141 4.56 2.34 25.2
Nov 127 4.25 2.13 21.8
Dec 119 3.83 2.04 18.7
Year 1782 4.88 2.61 26.3
Long-term monthly averages:
Gh
m
Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m
2
]
Gh
d
Daily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m
2
]
Dh
d
Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m
2
]
T
24
Daily (diurnal) air temperature [°C]
6. Global in-plane irradiation
Fixed surface, azimuth 180° (south), inclination. winter 48°, summer 17°
Month Gi
m
Gi
d
Di
d
Ri
d
Sh
loss
Jan 166 5.35 2.33 0.08 0.0
Feb 168 5.99 2.39 0.10 0.0
Mar 189 6.09 2.51 0.12 0.0
Apr 196 6.54 2.98 0.02 0.0
May 185 5.96 3.23 0.02 0.0
Jun 146 4.87 3.08 0.01 0.0
Jul 135 4.35 2.90 0.01 0.0
Aug 139 4.48 2.89 0.01 0.0
Sep 137 4.57 2.71 0.01 0.0
Oct 157 5.06 2.35 0.09 0.0
Nov 163 5.44 2.32 0.09 0.0
Dec 161 5.18 2.28 0.08 0.0
Year 1942 5.32 2.67 0.05 0.0
Gi
m
Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m
2
] Sh
loss
Losses of global irradiation by terrain shading [%]
Gi
d
Daily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m
2
]
Di
d
Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m
2
]
Ri
d
Daily sum of reflected irradiation [kWh/m
2
]
Average yearly sum of global irradiation for different types of surface:
kWh/m
2
relative to optimally inclined
Horizontal 1782 93.5%
Optimally inclined (24°) 1905 100.0%
2-axis tracking 2256 118.4%
Your option 1941 101.9%

7. PV electricity production in the start-up
Month Es
m
Es
d
Et
m
E
share
PR
Jan 131 4.24 131.3 8.9 79.2
Feb 129 4.61 129.1 8.8 77.0
Mar 141 4.55 141.0 9.6 74.6
Apr 142 4.74 142.1 9.7 72.5
May 134 4.32 134.0 9.1 72.6
Jun 107 3.59 107.7 7.3 73.7
Jul 101 3.27 101.5 6.9 75.2
Aug 105 3.39 105.1 7.1 75.7
Sep 104 3.47 104.1 7.1 76.0
Oct 120 3.88 120.3 8.2 76.7
Nov 127 4.24 127.3 8.7 77.9
Dec 127 4.10 127.2 8.6 79.2
Year 1470 4.03 1470.7 100.0 75.8
Es
m
Monthly sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp] E
share
Percentual share of monthly electricity prod. [%]
Es
d
Daily sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp] PR Performance ratio [%]
Et
m
Monthly sum of total electricity prod. [MWh]
8. System losses and performance ratio
Energy conversion step Energy output Energy loss Energy loss Performance ratio
[kWh/kWp] [kWh/kWp] [%] [partial %] [cumul. %]
1. Global in-plane irradiation (input) 1941 - - 100.0 100.0
2. Global irradiation reduced by terrain shading 1941 0 0.0 100.0 100.0
3. Global irradiation reduced by reflectivity 1886 -55 -2.8 97.2 97.2
4. Conversion to DC in the modules 1637 -249 -13.2 86.8 84.3
5. Other DC losses 1547 -90 -5.5 94.5 79.7
6. Inverters (DC/AC conversion) 1508 -39 -2.5 97.5 77.7
7. Transformer and AC cabling losses 1486 -22 -1.5 98.5 76.6
8. Reduced availability 1471 -15 -1.0 99.0 75.8
Total system performance 1471 -470 -24.2 - 75.8
Energy conversion steps and losses:
1. Initial production at Standard Test Conditions (STC) is assumed,
2. Reduction of global in-plane irradiation due to obstruction of terrain horizon and PV modules,
3. Proportion of global irradiation that is reflected by surface of PV modules (typically glass),
4. Losses in PV modules due to conversion of solar radiation to DC electricity; deviation of module efficiency from STC,
5. DC losses: this step assumes integrated effect of mismatch between PV modules, heat losses in interconnections and cables, losses
due to dirt, snow, icing and soiling, and self-shading of PV modules,
6. This step considers euro efficiency to approximate average losses in the inverter,
7. Losses in AC section and transformer (where applicable) depend on the system architecture,
8. Availability parameter assumes losses due to downtime caused by maintenance or failures.
Losses at steps 2 to 4 are numerically modeled by pvPlanner. Losses at steps 5 to 8 are to be assessed by a user. The simulation
models have inherent uncertainties that are not discussed in this report. Read more about simulation methods and related uncertainties
to evaluate possible risks at http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/.

9. SolarGIS v1.8 - description of the database
SolarGIS is high-resolution climate database operated by GeoModel Solar s.r.o. with geographical extent covering Europe, Africa and
Asia. Primary data layers include solar radiation, air temperature and terrain (elevation, horizon).
Air temperature at 2 m: developed from CFSR data (© NOAA NCEP); years: 1991 - 2009; recalculated to 15-minute values. The data
are spatially enhanced to 1 km resolution to reflect variability induced by high resolution terrain.
Solar radiation: calculated from Meteosat satellite data; years: 1999 - 2011; 30-minute values - global horizontal and direct normal
irradiance.
This estimation assumes year having 365 days. Occasional deviations in calculations may occur as a result of mathematical rounding
and cannot be considered as a defect of algorithms. More information about the applied data and algorithms can be found at:
http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/.
10. Service provider
GeoModel Solar s.r.o., Milana Marečka 3, 84107 Bratislava, Slovakia; Registration ID: 45 354 766, VAT Number: SK2022962766;
Registration: Business register, District Court Bratislava I, Section Sro, File 62765/B
11. Mode of use
This report shows solar power estimation in the start-up phase of a PV system. The estimates are accurate enough for small and
medium-size PV systems. For large projects planning and financing, more information may be needed:
1. Statistical distribution and uncertainty of solar radiation
2. Detailed specification of a PV system
3. Interannual variability and P90 uncertainty of PV production
4. Lifetime energy production considering performance degradation of PV components.
More information about full PV yield assessment can be found at: http://solargis.info/doc/pvreports/.
12. Disclaimer and legal information
Considering the nature of climate fluctuations, interannual and long-term changes, as well as the uncertainty of measurements and
calculations, GeoModel Solar s.r.o. cannot take full guarantee of the accuracy of estimates. The maximum possible has been done for
the assessment of climate conditions based on the best available data, software and knowledge. GeoModel Solar s.r.o. shall not be
liable for any direct, incidental, consequential, indirect or punitive damages arising or alleged to have arisen out of use of the provided
report.
This report is copyright to © 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o., all rights reserved.
SolarGIS
®
is a trade mark of GeoModel Solar s.r.o.
13. Contact information
This report has been generated by Mr. AMRIT MANDAL, KOLKATA, 700023 WEST BENGAL, India

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