The document describes a structural health monitoring system using embedded sensors and ZigBee technology. It discusses (1) using vibration analysis to detect damage in structures early, (2) a system overview with modules for vibration detection, damage detection, synchronization and wireless communication, and (3) implementing the system using accelerometers, strain sensors, crack sensors and a moisture sensor connected to a microcontroller and ZigBee for wireless output.

1. STRUCTURAL HEALTH
MONITORING SYSTEM-AN
EMBEDDED SENSOR APPROACH
Presented By
Ashutha k
8th sem ECE
Guide
Ms.Deepika V
Assistant Professor

2. AGENDA
1. Introduction
2. Literature survey
3. System overview
4. Analysis and design
5. Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Main principle is detection of vibration analysis
• Early alert on the damage of the structures
• Safety maintenance and extending the life time of real time
building
• Reduces the power consumption
• ZigBee

4. Literature survey
Existing scheme Proposed by Demerits
Wireless Sensor Network for
On-line Structural Health
Monitoring
TANG Yu- liang , LUO
Yu, HUANG Lian -fen,
GUO Jian , LEI Ying
Need to divide the main
building into substructures,
High power consumption,
Not well suited for large
number of substructures
The effect of time
synchronization of wireless
sensors on the modal
analysis of
structures
V. Krishnamurthy, K.
Fowler, and E. Sazonov
Not suitable when large amount
of data is required to send
Wireless Intelligent Sensor
and Actuator Network – A
Scalable
Platform for Time-
synchronous Applications of
Structural Health
Monitoring
Edward Sazonov, Vidya
Krishnamurthy and
Robert Schilling,
Increases cost and power
consumption

5. System overview
Conceptual block diagram
Vibration
Detection
Power
Consumption
Damage
Detection
Synchron
ization
Module
Microcontroller Output
Module
SignalConditioning
Wireless
Module
Sensing module Acquisition
module

6. Analysis and Design
Vibration detection method
• Aims for the prediction of earth quick before human
knowledge
• Predicts the start of the earth quake ,by vibration analysis
• Accelerometers and strain sensors are used to measure the
vibration
• Types of accelerometers
force balanced type
piezo electric type
MEMS type
• Main type of strain sensor used is electrical resistance type

7. Vibration analysis
Level
Converter
PIC 16F877A
Strain Sensor
Alarm
Unit
Power Supply
ZigBee
Accelerometer

8. Base Station
Monitoring Nodes
Non monitoring Nodes
Data
Wake-Up
Alert
Wake-Up
Data
Schematic of Earth quake wake up Algorithm

9. Damage detection
• Identifies the damage in the real time buildings
• Crack sensor, Moisture sensor
• Crack sensor is used to identify the crack in the concrete
structure
• Moisture level is measured using moisture sensor
• Same as that of module 1 power supply ,microcontroller, level
converter and zigbee is used

10. Damage detection method
Crack
Sensor
Moisture
Sensor
PIC 16F877A
ZigBee
Power
Supply
Level
Converter
Alarm
Unit

11. (a) Healthy wing front spar.
(b) The same structure with one introduced crack into second stiffener.
(c) The same structure as (b) with one crack at the edge.

12. Smart auditorium
• Reduce the power consumption in the building
• Controls electric appliances automatically
• Fans, lights and speakers are controlled depending on the
listener
• For every four rows, IR transmitter and receiver has to place in
straight line
IR
Transmitter
receiver
Driver circuit
relay
microcontroller
lights
fans
speakers

13. Output module
•This method takes input as client mode and output as server
mode
• Output of first module is abnormal vibration
• Output of second module is damage detected
• Output of third module switch off the particular fan
and light
•These outputs are displayed in PC
ZigBee Level converter

14. Time synchronization
• The main limitation of any structural health monitoring system
is Time Synchronization
• The oscillation of each module is different
• The method has been implemented for wireless sensor network
is Reference Broadcast Scheme (RBS)
• By using IEEE 802.15.4 high time synchronization is achieved

15. Wireless module
• ZigBee technology is an emerging technology that has the
important features of low power networking , cost effective
and reliable
• Based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard protocol
• It has the transmission rate about 20 kbps to 250 kbps
• Used in home appliances, sensors and electronic devices
• Communication delay is very small
• High security

16. ZigBee Architecture:

17. CONCLUSION
This study developed ZigBee based structural health
monitoring system for any civil structures. Vibration analysis
method is used to predict the initial stage of an earth quake.
Damage detection present monitoring and identifying the
damage in the structures to reduce the power consumption in
the particular building a new smart auditorium is designed
secured wireless communication is done by ZigBee.

18. [1] José Miguel López-Higuera et.al., “Fiber Optic Sensors in Structural Health
Monitoring”, Journal Of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 587-608,
2011.
[2] Alvaro Araujo et.al., “Wireless Measurement System for Structural Health
Monitoring With High Time-Synchronization Accuracy”, IEEE Transactions on
instrumentation and measurement, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 801-810, 2012.
[3] Wen-Tsai Sung and Yao-Chi Hsu, “Designing an industrial real-time
measurement and monitoring system based on embedded system and ZigBee”,
see front matter _ 2010 Elsevier Ltd., Vol. 38, pp. 4522-4529,2011.
[4] J.M. Ko and Y.Q. Ni, “Technology developments in structural health monitoring
of large-scale bridges”,see front matter 2005 Elsevier Ltd., Vol. 27, pp. 1715-
1725,2005.
[5] Christopher K.Y. Leung , Niell Elvinb, Noah Olson , Theodore F. Morse , Yi-Fei
He, “A novel distributed optical crack sensor for concrete Structures”,see front
matter #2000 Elsevier. Science Ltd., Vol. 65, pp. 133-148,2000.
REFERENCE

19. While acknowledging authors of the source materials used for
While acknowledging authors of the source materials used for

21. Principle of Crack Sensor: