The document traces the history and evolution of wireless communication systems from early radio experiments to modern 4G networks. It discusses key milestones like the development of 1G analog cellular networks like AMPS, their transition to 2G digital standards like GSM and CDMA, the introduction of 3G technologies enabling data and multimedia, and the advanced capabilities of 4G LTE including high data rates, quality of service, and integrated services. The document is presented as part of a lecture on wireless telecommunications systems and networks.

1. UNIT-1
Wireless Telecommunications
Systems & Networks
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

2. History and Evolution of wireless Radio
systems
James Maxwell Proposed EMW
Hertz validated the theory
Marconi Developed 1st Telegraphic Instrument
JC Bose did experiment & published results
Radios established
TV Broadcast took place
Hand-held cellular phone discovered
Mobile phone came into existence
◦ 1G, 2G, 3G
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

3. Early AM wireless Systems
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

4. Public Switch Telephone Network
 Infrastructure Description
 Working
 Types
 Intra-office call
 Inter-office call
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

5. Intra-office call
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

6. Inter-office call
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

7. Signaling System #7 (SS7)
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

8. REVIEW OF THE SEVEN-LAYER OSI
MODEL
Relationship of the OSI model to communication between systems

9. EARLYAMPS CELLULAR SYSTEM
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

10. ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

11. Basic AMPS Operations
1. AMPS mobile phone initialization
2. Mobile-to-Land Calls
3. Land-to-mobile and mobile-to-mobile calls
4. AMPs Network Operations
a. Amps network operations for a mobile originated call
b. AMPS Handoff operation
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

12. AMPS mobile phone initialization
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

13. ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

14. Mobile-to-Land Calls
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

15. ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

16. Land-to-mobile and mobile-to-mobile
calls
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

17. ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

18. Amps network operations for a mobile
originated call
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

19. ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

20. AMPS Handoff operation
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

21. ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

22. Other 1G System
1. TACS : Total Access Communication System
2. NMT : Nordic Mobile Telephone
3. NTT : Nippon Telegraph and telephone
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

23. 1. TACS : Total Access Communication
System
It is developed by Motorola began its operation in UK.
Frequency bands ranges from 800-MHz and 900-MHz.
Channel spacing of 25 kHz
Two UK service provider network evolved- Cellnet and Vodaphone.
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

24. 2. NMT : Nordic Mobile Telephone
The NMT 450 cellular system was another variation of AMPS.
First developed in the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.
Frequency bands operated in 450 MHz
Channel spacing of 25 kHz.
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

25. 3. NTT : Nippon Telegraph and telephone
Introduced in Japan in December of 1979.
NTT was developed by Motorola
Frequency bands ranges from 400-MHz and 800 MHz.
Channel spacing of 25 kHz.
Two Types
JTACS Japanese TACS cellular system
◦ Operated in the 800-MHz
◦ 25-kHz channel spacing
NTACS narrowband TACS cellular system
◦ Operated in the 900-MHz
◦ 12.5-kHz channel spacing
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

26. Digital AMPS
Increase the capacity of the original AMPS cellular system.
It allows for the continued use of the AMPS bandwidth and many of the AMPS
procedures.
 D-AMPS cellular system is that second-generation system using TDMA technology is
able to use the same traffic channels as the first-generation AMPS system.
D-AMPS certain percentage of channels would be reserved for analog traffic and rest
allocated to TDMA traffic.
 IS-54-B defined dual mode operation within the same 800-MHz cellular network
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

27. 2G –Second Generation
2G is digital cellular system
It uses digital modulation techniques.
Introduce two major multiplexing schemes :TDMA and CDMA.
Use digital modulation techniques to send digital control messages rather than SAT tones.
Use Digital encryption used for security and privacy for the mobile network subscriber.
Two major 2G technologies and standards are GSM and CDMA.
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

28. GSM(Global System for Mobile
communication)
Approximately 72% of the world’s cellular customers subscribing this service.
GSM technology uses TDMA to allow up to eight users per channel.
Channels spacing 200 kHz apart.
Different Operating frequency bands
◦ 900-MHz band (GSM 900),
◦ 1800 MHz (GSM 1800)
◦ 1900-MHz (GSM 1900).
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

29. CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)
CDMA cellular systems use a digital modulation technique known as spread spectrum.
For CDMA systems, control information is carried by dedicated channel elements and traffic is placed on
any available traffic channel element.
 Channel elements (CEs) are individual transmitters that are all transmitting on the same frequency
simultaneously.
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

30. 3G- Second Generation
Support high-speed data transfer
 Advanced multimedia services (Voice , Data and Video).
Global roaming.
Work in various different operating environments (low through high mobility, urban to suburban to global
locations, etc.).
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

31. 3G Operating Environments
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

32. ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

33. CDMA2000
Features of cdma2000 are
 Backward compatibility with CDMA IS-95B (a 2.5G technology)
 Support for data rate of up to 2 Mbps.
 Support for multimedia services (i.e., Quality of Services QoS)
 Support for advanced radio technologies.
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

34. 4G- Fourth Generation
It is an IP based packed switched network.
4G technology is characterized by high speed data rates of 20-100 Mbps while moving and 1 Gbps while
stationary.
High usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology.
 Support for multimedia and integrated services at low transmission cost.
High QoS for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile
TV, etc.)
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management

35. 4G is MAGIC
M- Mobile Multimedia Connection
A- Anywhere Anytime with Anyone
G- Global Mobility support
I- Integrated wireless solutions
C-Customized personal services
ASHUTHA K., ECE Dept., Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management