HALOGENS USED AS ANTI-MICROBICIDAL AGENTS

1. HALOGENS
ARJUN KRISHNA K
ROLL.NO:14

2. IODINE
Rapidly acting ,broad spectrum
MOA ; By iodinating and oxidizing microbicidal
protoplasm
EFFECTIVENESS ;
1 in 20,000 soln. kills vegetative forms within 1
min.
Bacterial spores are destroyed on high conc. Or long
contact
Organic matter retards germicidal action

3. FORMULATIONS OF IODINE
TINCTURE IODINE(2% Iodine & 2.4% sodium iodide
in alchohol)
 # used on cuts ,
#for degerming skinbefore surgery ,
#to treat ring worm.
ADVERSE EFFECT : Dermatitis
MANDEL’S PAINT (1.25% dissolved with the help of
Pot.Iodide)
 # applied on sorethroat

4. FORMULATIONS OF IODINE
IODEX (non-staining iodine oinment)
 # as antiseptic
# as counterirritant
 ADVERSE EFFECTS :Rashes and systemic
manifestations in those who are sensitive.

5. IODOPHORES
Soluble complexes of Iodine with large molecular
compoundsas carriersreleases free Iodine
slowly
MOA ; Same as IODINE
FORMULATION  POVIDONE IODINE
i.e. with Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone(PVP)
Advantages :
# NON-(irritating , staining ,toxic) ,
# prolonged germicidal action ,
# bandaging possible without risk of blistering.

6. IODOPHORES
Disadvantages :
#contamination with aerobic gram negative bacteria
# require drying time on skin before becoming active
# lack it’s persistent activity on skin
USED ON ;
• Pre-operative skin antiseptic
• Boils , Furuncles
• Otitis externa , Ulcers , Tinea
• Monilial/Trichomonas/Non-specific vaginitis
• Surgical scrubbing
• Disinfection of endoscopes and instruments

7. CHLORINE
Rapid & potent acting germicide
MOA : Oxidation
EFFECTIVENESS ;
0.1 – 0.25% ppm kills most pathogens( but not
M.tuberculosis) in 30 seconds
<5ppm kills veg. bacteria
5000ppm kills spores
1000 – 10,000ppm is tuberculocidal
100ppm kills vegetative fungal cells
500ppm for fungal spores

8. CHLORINE
EFFECTIVENESS ;
Degerming action exhausts soon
Has no substantivity
More ative in acidicor neutral medium
Organic matter bind to it & thus Cl- in excess
has to be added to obtain0.2 – 0.4 ppm 
“CHLORINE DEMAND” of water.

9. CHLOROPHENONES
Compounds that slowly releases hypochlorous acid
Use of preference over gaseous chlorine due to
easy handling
FORMULATIONS ;
CHLORINATED LIME (Bleaching Powder)
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION
DISADVANTAGES OF Cl- preparations : do not
eradicate all bacteria or entamoeba cysts

10. CHLOROPHENONES
CHLORINATED LIME ;
 Mixture of CaCl2 + Ca-hypochlorite
Decomposes to 30-35% w/w chlorine on exposure
USES ; disinfectant for drinking water and sanitizer
for prives.

11. CHLOROPHENONES
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTION
4-6% sodium hypochlorite
USES ;
1 in 10 dilution for disinfection of blood spills
containing HIV or HBV.
 As disinfectant in diaries for milk cans , milk feeding
bottles
 Root canal therapy for in dentistry
DISADVANTAGES. ;
 Unstable & irritant to be used as antiseptic (except
for root canal therapy)

12. CHLOROPHENONES
Frequent opening & closing of it’s container reduces
it’s activity markedly.
Surface of application should be cleaned before
use(due to inactivation by blood,serum,faeces &
protein containing materials).
OTHER Cl- releasing agents : CHLORINE DIOXIDE &
CHLORAMINE T (retains Cl- longer and prolonged
bactericidal action)

13. THANK YOU