Kondali bangar- Study of peri-urbanization around Noida

THE CASE OF KONDALI BANGAR
A STUDY ON PERI-URBANIZATION AROUND NOIDA :
PRESENTED BY-
ANUSHKRITI
APURVA
DEBASISH
TRISHA

WORK DISTRIBUTION
Anushkriti Debasish Trisha Apurva
Study Area
Change in land-use, livelihood
and nature of land holdings in
the peri-urban villages
Land negotiation
mechanisms
Study Area
Alternative livelihood strategies
adopted by peri-urban residents
due to change in land-use,
land acquisition and sale of land
Changes in modes of living
and impact of urbanization in
general
The presentation is distributed as per themes specified below:
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OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1
To analyse the change in land-use and livelihood in peri-
urban villages:
2
To identify the nature of land holdings in the peri-
urban villages:
•What are the changes in land-use in peri-urban villages, from
agricultural and forest to non-agricultural uses?
•What has been the general impact of changes in land-use upon
the peri-urban areas?
•What are the different sizes of land holdings – marginal?
•Are the landowners – marginal, small, medium or large willing
to continue with agriculture and farm practices? What are the
reasons for continuation or discontinuation of agriculture?
•Is there any link between size of land holding and willingness
to sell land? Among the large or small land owners who is more
willing to sell land? Why?
•What is the status of landless labourers who previously
worked/currently work as contract farmers on these lands? Do
the landowners rehabilitate or compensate these labourers
upon sale of their land?
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OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
3
To understand land
negotiation mechanisms in
the peri-urban villages:
4
To study the alternative livelihood
strategies adopted by peri-urban residents
due to change in land-use and reduction in
land holdings due to land acquisition and
sale of land:
5
To identify changes in mores of living
of peri-urban residents as a result of
urbanization in general, and upon
land acquisition and sale of land in
particular:
•What are the most preferred land
negotiation mechanisms in the
village - land acquisition by
government agencies or sale of
land to private real estate
developers or individuals? What
are the reasons for the
preference?
•What are the challenges in these
types of land negotiation
mechanisms?
•What are the plausible ways for
resolving these challenges?
•Are peri-urban residents continuing to be solely
dependent on agriculture as their means of
livelihood?
• What are the factors contributing to a shift in
livelihood strategies?
•What are the various livelihood strategies
adopted by peri-urban residents in addition to
agriculture and farm related activities?
•Are they happy with this shift in livelihoods?
•Were they prepared for a change in their
livelihoods?
•How did they cope with this change? Did the
government / real estate developers help them in
identifying financial instruments to save and
secure their money upon sale of land?
•What are the changes in ways and quality
of life of peri-urban residents?
•Do they have access to better physical and
social infrastructure, basic services and
other facilities like housing, markets, banks,
insurance and credit?
•How has the social milieu changed due to
urbanization, in terms of social relations
with their kith and kin within villages;
migrants within their village; city residents
or municipality?
•What is the impact of urbanization on
village common lands and/or panchayat land
like ponds, groves, vacant lands, playgrounds,
community centre, and cremation grounds?
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METHODOLOGY
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Source : Fieldwork as conducted in February, 2019
Approached the Market Area of the village
(With the contact help of Pradhan of neighboring village, Garhi Samastpur)
Interviewed the Contact person and built a rapport
with the villagers in public space
Group of 4 – Split into 2 sub-groups of 2 members each
Tried to survey so as to cover maximum ground and
maximum diversity of responses
Entry in the village
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS:
The study so far is based on general observations further strengthened with survey
data from the field. However, the number of households covered till now is a
limitation.

VILLAGE KONDALI BANGAR
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A
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A
ABADI AREA : approx. 33 hectares (Source: Google Maps)
TOTAL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA : 451.4 hectares (Source: https://villageinfo.in/uttar-pradesh/gautam-buddha-nagar/gautam-buddha-nagar/kondli-bangar.html)
NOTE : Area ofVillage is indicative only. Its extents shall be determined on the basis of actual field survey and revenue records.
BLOCK / TEHSIL
→ Gautam Buddha
Nagar
DISTRICT
→ Gautam Buddha
Nagar
STATE
→ Uttar Pradesh
KEY MAP

ACCESS AND CONNECTIVITY
S
T
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Y
A
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E
A
Type Status
Public
Bus
Service
Available
Private
Bus
Service
Available
Railway
Station
None within 10
km distance;
Nearest is
Glaziabad
Railway Station
(38 kms)
Metro
Station
Noida Sector
148 (5.3 kms)
ATS
PRISTINE
KONDALI
BANGAR
SECTOR
149
SECTOR
152

DEMOGRAPHICS AS PER CENSUS 2011
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Y
A
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A
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Population of children (0-6 yrs) = 295 =19.93 % of total village population
Average Sex Ratio = 895 (lower than Uttar Pradesh state average of 912)
Child Sex Ratio = 705(lower than Uttar Pradesh average of 902)
Literacy rate =77.81 % (higher compared to 67.68 % of Uttar Pradesh)
Male literacy stands at 88.65 % while female literacy rate was 66.38 %.
Schools – 1 only
•affiliated to UP Board
•Established by Gram Sabha in
1977
•Till Class 8
Hospitals – No government hospital in 10 km
radius
Temples – 4 (built on private land)
Parks/ Sports Ground/Community Spaces –
None
Community Hall (BaraatGhar) – 1 newly
constructed by the Authority
Ponds – 2 (concrete base but partially dry and
ill maintained)

LOCATION OF HOUSEHOLDS SURVEYED
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Y
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A
TOTAL
HOUSEHOLDS
SURVEYED
18
Male=18 ; Female=0
Predominant Caste
And Religion – Gujjar,
Hindu

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS
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A
10%
50%
40%
0
Less than 5 5 - 10 10 - 15 15 & above
40%
30%
20%
10%
Under 10 10th pass & above 12th pass Graduation & Above
60%
40%
4Wheeler
Own Don’t Own
35%
65%
Mobile Phone - By Women
Own Don’t Own
5%
95%
Laptop/Computer
Own Don’t Own
OWNERSHIP OF ASSETS
HOUSEHOLD SIZE LEVELS OF EDUCATION

TO ANALYSETHE CHANGE IN LAND-USE AND LIVELIHOOD IN PERI-URBANVILLAGES:
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2009 2014 2019
PATTERN OF SPATIAL GROWTH AND CHANGING LANDUSE WITH
SHRINKING AGRICULTURAL LAND COVER OVER THE LAST DECADE
• The entire village has suffered from change in landuse due to land acquisition
by government. Hence, all the land that was previously under agricultural use
has now been converted to non-agricultural uses.
• The same is reflected in the Master Plan.
What are the changes in landuse in peri-urban villages, from agricultural and forest
to non-agricultural uses?
no change
change
CHANGE IN LANDUSE
78%
22%

TO ANALYSETHE CHANGE IN LAND-USE AND LIVELIHOOD IN PERI-URBANVILLAGES:
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NOIDA MASTER PLAN 2021 NOIDA MASTER PLAN 2031
• Change in primary source of livelihood of land owners (those who continue to practice agriculture also do not own land parcels
within the village, hence annual income from farming activities have mostly dropped).
• Loss of livelihood for landless laborers
• Reduction in ownership of livestock
• Efforts to resort to alternate sources of livelihood
What has been the general impact of changes in landuse upon the peri-urban area?
NOIDA MASTER
PLAN 2011- Does
not incorporate the
village in its limits.
In both the cases, Village Abadi Area continues to be identified as is. However, the surrounding area of the village is identified as
Recreational Green in Master Plan 2021.This has been further changed to Residential as per Master Plan 2031.
•Change in the directional approach towards/of the village due to
emerging development patterns (front behaves as back and vice-versa)

TO IDENTIFYTHE NATURE OF LAND HOLDINGS INTHE PERI-URBANVILLAGES:
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• 50% landowners have marginal land-holdings (<1 hectare)
• However, a considerable portion of 22% landowners have small sized
landholdings (1 to 2 Ha),
What are the different sizes of land holdings – marginal (< 1 Ha), small (1 to 2 Ha), semi-medium (2 to 4 Ha), medium (4 to 10 ha) and
large (> 10 Ha)?
Are the landowners – marginal, small, medium or large willing to continue with
agriculture and farm practices? What are the reasons for continuation or
discontinuation of agriculture?
• All landowners wish to wilfully continue with agriculture
• The reason lies in agriculture being the only and best area of expertise
and experience for the peri-urban residents.
• Adaptation to other livelihood choices appears to be low, owing to
negligence towards education
• 50 % people currently continue to practice agriculture on land:
 left after acquisition
 lost in acquisition; though no development yet
 Bought by investing compensation
50
22
17
6 6
Land
Holdings
Marginal (<1
Ha)
Small (1-2
Ha)
Semi-Medium
(2-4 Ha)
Medium (4-
10 Ha)
Large (>10
Ha)
SIZE OF LANDHOLDINGS
DISTRIBUTION INTERMS OF PERCENT OF LANDHOLDING
LEFTWITH OWNERS AFTER ACQUISITION
0%
1-50%
>50%77%
18%
5%

34%
26%
5% 5%
20%
5% 5%
Agriculture Cattle
rearing and
dairy
farming
Private Jobs Renting
residential
property
Renting
agricultural
land
Other
businesses
None
TO IDENTIFYTHE NATURE OF LAND HOLDINGS INTHE PERI-URBANVILLAGES:
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• Sale of land at individual landholding level is not a common phenomenon.
• Most of the land is acquired by the Authority, which is then sold to
developers
• However, only those with larger landholdings show a higher propensity
to sell land individually; owing to the viability of such a sale in the market.
Is there any link between size of land holding and willingness to sell land?
Among the large or small land owners who is more willing to sell land? Why?
What is the status of landless labourers who previously worked/currently work
as contract farmers on these lands? Do the landowners rehabilitate or
compensate these labourers upon sale of their land?
• Most landless labourers have either :
 experienced a shift in the location where they worked as contract
farmers
 Or completely changed their livelihood by choosing to work as
labor in the real estate construction happening in the vicinity.
• There is no such practice of rehabilitation or provision of compensation
to these laborers by landowners upon sale of their land.
PRIMARY SOURCE OF LIVELIHOOD
OWNERSHIP OF LIVESTOCK/CATTLES
61%
22%
11%
6%
less than 5 (05-10) (10-20) more than 20

What are the most preferred land negotiation mechanisms in the village?
TO UNDERSTAND LAND NEGOTIATION MECHANISMS INTHE PERI-URBANVILLAGES
GOVERNMENT
land acquisition by government agencies(Noida Authority)
SOURCE: Field visit February 2019
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3

What are the reasons for the preference?
Had no choice
For industrial development and employment opportunities
For a better lifestyle
Money for daughter’s marriage
SOURCE: Field visit February 2019 SOURCE: Field visit February 2019
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What are the challenges in this types of land negotiation mechanisms?
Lack of
transparency:
informed
industrial but
used as
residential
No promises
were kept :
jobs, serviced
land, due
compensation
No skill
development
programs to
enable farmers
for other
incomes
Government
played as
middle
man, land:
farmer to Real
estate
developers
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Problem :
Source : The Hindu, BusinessLine
Initially :
Rs. 850 per
square metre
Rs. 85,83,300
per Hectare
5% of serviced
land
After the Allahabad High Court’s verdict :
Granted 64%
extra
compensation
Extra Rs. 550
per square
metre
Equals Rs.
1400 per
square metre
Rs. 1.41 crore
per Hectare
Additional 5%
of serviced
land
Total of 10%
serviced land
Farmer’s demand :
Additional Rs.
1200 per
square metre
Total of Rs.
2050 per
square metre
Rs. 2.07 crore
per Hectare
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•Out of the total number of people who
had appealed, only 35 got the extra 5%
•The existing land rates were 3500-4500
per sqm.

What are the plausible ways for resolving this challenges?
Participation of
land owners could
have been
increased in
acquisition
Skill development
should have been
done to enable
them for alternate
source of income
Should have
provided
employment to at
least one member
from each
household
Guidance could
have been provided
for proper
utilization of the
money received
Serviced land with
other social
services should
have been
provided.
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ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY PERI-URBAN RESIDENTS
 Peri-urban residents continuing to be solely dependent on agriculture as their means of livelihood:
0 % (According to the Survey of 18 residents.)
Pic Source: Taken on site (dated – 08.02.2019)
Pic Source: Taken on site (dated – 08.02.2019)
 Factors contributing to a shift in livelihood strategies:
Land Acquisition by Authority.
Financial instability and insecurity.
Marriage.
 Utilization of Compensated money:
• Agricultural land (Aligarh, Haryana, Dadri).
• Marriage.
• Assets.
Land Acquisition by Authority.
Financial instability and insecurity.
Marriage. 40%
34%
14%
11%
1%
Money Utilization
Agricultural Land
Marriage
Assets
House
Fertilizers
• House.
• Fertilizers
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 Livelihood strategies :
• Property dealing.
• Lending money at Interest.
• Shops in Mall.
• Security Guards.
 Are the peri-urban residents happy with this shift in livelihoods?
• Happy for change in lifestyle.
• Unhappy- Establishment of Factories, Industries.
Jobs in Factories.
Skill Development training.
More Corruption.
 Were they prepared for a change in their livelihoods?
• Not at all.
 Financial Investment:
• Fixed Deposit.
• Mutual Fund.
Number of surveyer, n = 1812%
29%
6%12%
18%
23%
Livelihood Strategies
Property dealing Lending money Shops in Mall Security Guards
Small Business Rent
• Rent.
• Small Business (Beauty
Parlor and Tailoring)
• Lending Money.
• Nothing
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Financial
Investment
Fixed
Deposit
Lending
Money
Mutual Fund Nothing
Financial Investment
Series1
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 How did Peri – Urban Residents cope with this change?
• Negative:
Agricultural change.
Income is not stable.
• Positive:
Land – Acquisition – Money (New livelihood)
 Help from the Government or Real Estate developers:
• Help - X
• Skill Development Training - X Pic Source: https://www.goldenpeacockmm.com, https://www.atmmarketplace.com and https://www.vskills.in
Land Land Acquired
Money
Money land Cycle (new livelihood strategy)
 Insurance:
• Health
• Vehicle
• Life
• Crop
Health
Vehicle
Life
Crop
Nothing
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Insurance
 Bank Account:
• Health
• Vehicle
• Life
• Crop
30%
20%10%
40%
Cooperative Government Private No account
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TO IDENTIFY CHANGES IN MODES OF LIVING OF PERI-URBAN RESIDENTS AS A RESULT OF
URBANIZATION IN GENERAL, & UPON LAND ACQUISITION & SALE OF LAND IN PARTICULAR
What are the changes in ways and quality of life of peri-urban residents?
• Urbanization has created direct and indirect effects of land use change and acquisition in the quality of life of peri-urban residents
according to their size of land holdings and compensation vis-à-vis.
• It has created positive and adverse effects on livelihood, land use and environment in this region.
• Some residents are finding it difficult to meet their life needs and accommodating the by products of land use change.
• Few are enjoying better living condition, new assets, increase in source of new income opportunities.
V
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• They do have access to better physical infrastructure, but need improvement in social infrastructure.
• They have easy access to market, temples , except for banks, insurance and credit system.
• The access to better housing condition varies according to change in economic condition of residents.
Do they have access to better physical and social infrastructure, basic services and other facilities like
housing, markets, banks, insurance and credit?
C
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N
D
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T
I
O
N
O
F
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P
E
N
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Y
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P
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EASY ACCESS TO MARKET AREA
Solid waste disposal on open ground
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• They have good social environment and relation within themselves as before.
• They share cordial relation with migrants, but not in the case of Municipal and Government personal.
How has the social milieu changed due to urbanization, in terms of social relations with their kith and kin within villages; migrants
within their village; city residents or municipality?
V
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Y
I
N
G
L
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V
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G
C
O
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D
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I
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G
O
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B
O
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G
S
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B
O
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G Living condition of migrants on rent
O
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5

• Urbanization has improved the quality of access to common lands due to betterment of physical infrastructure.
• There is negligence towards maintaining ponds, groves , vacant lands, storm water drains and solid waste management.
What is the impact of urbanization on village common lands and/or panchayat land like ponds, groves, vacant
lands, playgrounds, community centre, and cremation grounds?
N
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O
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Q
U
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M
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Y
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ESOURCE: Field visit February 2019
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EDumping of waste in water bodies Dumping of waste in storm water drains
Dumping of waste on vacant lands
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