4. Definition
A sensor that
integrates a
biological element
with a
physiochemical
transducer to
produce an
electronic signal
proportional to a
single analyte which
is then conveyed to
a detector
8. Characteristics of a Biosensor
Linearity
Sensitivity
Selectivity
Response time
9. Principle:
Passing of analyte through membrane(1)
Reaction of the analyte with the biological material.
Formation of the product.
Passing of formed product through membrane (2).
Reaching of the product to the sensor/ transducer.
Collection of signals.
Amplification.
Digital read out
readout transducer analyte
14. Piezo-electric Biosensors(ADVANCED)
Piezo-electric devices use gold to detect
the specific angle at which electron waves
are emitted when the substance is
exposed to laser light or crystals, such as
quartz, which vibrate under the influence of
an electric field.
The change in frequency is proportional
to the mass of absorbed material
15. Merits and Demerits
Merits
Measures non polar
molecules that do not respond
to most measurement
devices.
As specific as the immobilized
system used in them.
Allows continuous control .
Demerits
Heat sterilization is not
possible as this would
denatures biological part of
biosensor.
Cells in biosensor become
intoxicated by other molecules
that are capable of diffusing
through the membrane.
Change in reactor broth (i.e.,
pH) can put chemical and
mechanical stress on the
biosensor that might
eventually impair it.
16. Applications of Biosensor
Food analysis
Study of biomolecules and their interaction
Drug development
Crime detection
Medical diagnosis (both clinical and laboratory use)
Environmental field monitoring
Quality control
Industrial process control
Detection systems for biological warfare agents
Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals & replacement organs
18. Conclusion
Biosensors play a part in the field of
environmental quality, medicine and
industry mainly by identifying material and
the degree of concentration present