The document discusses various aspects of lighting design. It covers categories of lighting design such as architectural, interior, landscape and emergency lighting. It describes key considerations for different types of lighting design including ambient lighting, task lighting and accent lighting. The document also discusses different lighting sources such as incandescent, discharge and solid state lighting and provides details on various lighting technologies. Measurement units for lighting like lumens and lux are also explained.

1. The Design of Lighting.
AR. ANURADHAKAPADIA

2. Introduction
 Light plays an essential role in our ability to perceive
the world around us.
 Lighting design is more than the selection of
luminaries or the calculation of window sizes.
 Its scope is the composition of brightness and colour
across the whole design criteria . There is a single idea
: The purpose of lighting is to give information.

3. Categories in lighting
design.
 Lighting design can be divided into following main
categories …..
 ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING.
 INTERIOR LIGHTING.
 LANDSCAPE LIGHTING.
 EMERGENCY LIGHTING.

4. Architectural Lighting.
Parameters to be considered
In good architecture, building is successful at
every scale , from its distant form within the
townscape to the fine detail of materials and
construction.
Buildings are never designed for a single
viewpoint.
People enter and leave spaces sometimes staying long
sometimes only glancing in.
At one time the subject of view is only interior at
another the vision travels between exterior and
interior.

6. Interior Lighting
 The first step in interior lighting design is to establish the
character of the room , the nature of the place as it will be
perceived by the user.
 Interior lighting sets the mood, suggests an ambience
which needs to be appropriate for the purpose of the
place.
 Relationship between lighting and room character is
fundamentally subjective and depends upon our …..
a) Perception of the place.
b) Judgement we make about it.
c) Feelings that we have there.

7. Planning considerations
While planning lighting scheme following points
need to be considered
 Activity that is happening in the premise.
 Strength of the light needed.
 Types of the lights to be used.
 Position of lighting points.

8. Types of lighting.
There are three basic types of lighting that are used in
any interior design scheme.
 Ambient lighting
 Task lighting
 Accent lighting.
It is not mandatory that every space will have all the
three types present, the best lit spaces will have all
the three types.
The best design will integrate layers of lights to create
moods and draw attention to the points of interest.

9. Ambient Lighting
It is a general lighting that
fills the room. It is the most
basic of the three types of
lighting. It could be the
natural light from your
windows and the lighting
that substitutes the natural
light. It is a diffused light
which produces an overall
glow. It is low-illumination
level lighting that is sufficient
for easy visual tasks and
circulation.

11. Task Lighting
It is the lighting focused on a specific area to
make the completion of a visual task easier.
It eases eye strain when installed with care. It can
make work environment more pleasant.
Great flexibility ,quality and energy efficiency are
possible with task lighting attached to furniture.

13. Accent Lighting
This is the type of lighting
that is used to accentuate
or highlight a particular
part of the room or the
object in the room.
The main aim of the
lighting installation is to
enhance the appearance of
the things or space, making
them points of attraction.

15. Decorative Lighting
 In decorative lighting systems
unlike others , lamps and
fixtures themselves are the object
to be viewed.
 Eg : Chandeliers.
 Although glare in this case called
sparkle , it can still be annoying if
it is too bright or if any difficult
visual task is to be performed.
 In most cases decorative lighting
also supplies some of the
functional lighting.

16. Design of lighting
The lighting equipment can be classified as
A) Consisting of prefabricated luminaries
B) An integral part of the design fabric.
In the later case it is often know as architectural or
interior lighting. There are two main systems of this
design.
 Ceiling based system.
 Wall based system.

17. Ceiling based system.
Cove Lighting.
 Indirect lighting of the ceiling from continuous wall
mounted fixture is called cove lighting. This type of
lighting creates soft diffused ambient light.
 Coves also create a feeling of spaciousness because
bright surfaces seem to recede.
 The cove must be placed high enough so that direct
view of the light source is not possible.
 It also must be far enough from the ceiling to prevent
excessive brightness right above the lamps.

18. Ceiling based system.
Coffer lighting.
 Coffers ( pockets ) in the ceiling can be illuminated in
variety of ways.
 Large coffers often have the cove lighting around their
bottom edges.
 Small coffers can be illuminated by recessed
luminaires.

22. Wall based system
 Although most visual tasks take place on the
horizontal plane, the vertical surfaces have the
greatest visual impact.
 When we experience architecture/interior we are
usually viewing vertical surfaces.
 The lighting fixtures mounted on ceiling or walls can
increase the brightness of the walls, emphasize texture
or accent certain features on the walls.

24. Wall based system
Valance ( bracket) lighting.
 It illuminates the wall both above and below the
shielding board.
 The placement and proportion of valance must be in
such a way that it shields the light sources.

25. Wall based system
Cornice ( soffit ) Lighting
 When valance board is moved up to the ceiling it is
called cornice.
 In this case wall is illuminated only from above.
 If people are permitted to approach the wall, the light
source will be visible unless shielded.

27. CATAGORISATION OF LIGHT
SOURCES
As per the technology
used to produce
light……
A) INCANDESCENT
B) DISCHARGE
C) SOLID STATE

28. Incandescent/Halogen Lamps.
• Light is emitted by electrically heating a
tungsten filament.
• By increasing the current the filament
gets hotter and the light gets whiter.
• Lamps wear out as the tungsten filament
evaporates.
• Addition of Halogen to the inert gasses
reduces the evaporation of the filament.

29. • The main advantage of the halogen lamp is the optical
control that is possible.
• The color rendering quality of the incandescent lamp
is generally considered very good but the color
spectrum is dominated by the reds and oranges.
• Because of sparkle, beam control , and good color
rendition a few incandescent lamps will continue to
find specialty applications.

30. Discharge Lamps
• In Discharge Lamps an ionized
gas rather than a glowing hot
filament emits light.
• All discharge lamps require an
extra device known as ballast
which first ignites the lamp
with a higher voltage and then
limits the electric current to the
proper level.

31. Discharge Lamp.
• Discharge lamps work by striking an electrical arc
between two electrodes, causing a filler gas to give off
light.
Different metals and filler gasses can be used to
provide a range of color and brightness.
Discharge lamps provide high luminous efficacy
combined with long life, resulting in the most
economical light source available

32. Types of discharge lamps
Thegas discharge lamps have three types as follows:
A- Low pressure discharge lamps:
Low-pressure lamps have working pressure much less
than atmospheric pressure. For example common
fluorescent lamps operate at a pressure of about 0.3% of
atmospheric pressure.
- Compact fluorescent lamp,
- Fluorescent lamps,

33. Low pressure sodium lamps: the most efficient gas-
discharge lamp type, producing up to 200 lumens per
watt, but at the expense of very poor color rendering. The
almost monochromatic yellow light is only acceptable for
street lighting and similar applications

34. B- High pressure discharge lamps:
High-pressure lamps have a discharge that takes place in
gas under slightly less to greater than atmospheric
pressure. For example, a high pressure sodium lamp has an
arc tube under 100 to 200 torr pressure, about 14% to 28%
of atmospheric pressure; some automotive HID headlamps
have up to 50 bar or fifty times atmospheric pressure.
Metal halide lamps: These lamps produce almost white
light, and attain 100 lumen per watt light output.
Applications include indoor lighting of high buildings,
parking lots, shops, sport terrains.

35. - High pressure sodium lamps: producing up to 150
lumens per watt. These lamps produce a broader light
spectrum than the low pressure sodium lamps. Also used
for street lighting, and for artificial photoassimilation for
growing plants
- High pressure mercury-vapor lamps: This lamp type is the
oldest high pressure lamp type, being replaced in most
applications by the metal halide lamp and the high
pressure sodium lamp.

36. C- High-intensity discharge lamps:
A high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp is a type of electrical
lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc
between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or
transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.
Compared to other lamp types, relatively high arc power
exists for the arc length. Examples of HID lamps include:
Mercury-vapor lamps.
Metal halide lamps.
Ceramic discharge metal halide lamps.
Sodium vapor lamps.
Xenon arc lamps.
Ultra-High Performance (UHP).
HID lamps are typically used when high levels of light and
energy efficiency are desired.

37. Solid state lamps.
• LEDs use semi-conductors to
convert electrical energy directly
into light. They are highly efficient
and long lasting.
• An LED is like a solar cell operating
backward. Instead of the light
generating electricity , the
electricity generates light. the light
is generated at a specific wave-
length. LEDs are great for
producing pure colored light.

38.  When looking through a selection of light bulbs, it can become
confusing to compare different lamps to each other, but
understanding bulb terms can help in finding the right lamps for
the fixtures in a home or business.
 The following are the most basic terms to consider.
 Wattage and Voltage: Watts and volts are sometimes mistaken
as measurements of light output. This comes from the familiarity of
people with the incandescent light bulb, which has been the
standard in lighting for decades. This long history has trained the
average homeowner to think of lighting an area in terms of
whether it needs a 40, 60, or 100-watt bulb.
 Even today, manufacturers of CFLs and LED light bulbs tend to
stress the incandescent equivalent wattage rather than the actual,
much lower wattage of the bulb.

39. LUMEN:
 LUMENS: As the lighting industry shifts away from incandescent
lighting, it will become more and more important to focus on the
actual light output of a bulb rather than how it compares to an
incandescent light bulb.
 Lumens, also shown as lm , represent the actual amount of
ambient light coming from a lamp. The higher the amount of
lumens, the more “lit up” a room will be.
 The measurement of the light output from a lamp (luminous flux)
is LUMEN.
 1 LUMEN will theoretically produce 1 LUX of light over an area of
1 square meter.
 This condition can occur only in Perfect world as there are other
factors that affect the light out put.

40. LUX :
 The measurement for the light level encountered in a room or
for an exterior space ( illuminance) is called LUX.

41.  Candlepower, on the other hand (measured in
candelas), is a unit of measurement that stands for the
luminous intensity going in a specific direction from a
light source. The latter, usually seen on reflector-type
bulbs, is most important when the actual “punch” of
the concentrated beam of light is more important than
how much of an area it illuminates.