2. Male gaze theory
the male gaze is the act of depicting women and the world, in
the visual arts and literature, from a masculine, heterosexual
perspective that presents and represents women as sexual
objects for the pleasure of the male viewer.
3. So what is the male
gaze?
The concept of gaze is one that deals with how an audience
views the people presented.
Feminists have divided this concept into the following three
dimensions:
How men look at women
How women look at themselves
How women look at other women
4. Laura Mulvey
The concept of the male gaze was first developed by the feminist film critic Laura
Mulvey in the essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" (1975), in which she
proposes that an asymmetry of power between the genders is a controlling force in
cinema; and that the male gaze is constructed for the pleasure of the male viewer,
which is deeply rooted in the ideologies.
5. Laura Mulvey
she argued that women took the passive part
of a film and
that all men played an active part, in her eye
the women were objects
6. The male gaze has three perspectives
• (i) that of the
person behind
the camera
• Director
• Producer
• Screenwriter
• (ii) that of the
characters
within the
representation
• Female charactors
• Male charactors
• (iii) that of the
spectator.
• Audience
7. The male gaze has three perspectives
• (i) that of the
person behind
the camera
• Director
• Producer
• Screenwriter
• (ii) that of the
characters
within the
representation
• Female charactors
• Male charactors
• (iii) that of the
spectator.
• Audience
8. The male gaze has three perspectives
• (i) that of the
person behind
the camera
• Director
• Producer
• Screenwriter
• (ii) that of the
characters
within the
representation
• Female charactors
• Male charactors
• (iii) that of the
spectator.
• Audience
9. The male gaze has three perspectives
• (i) that of the
person behind
the camera
• Director
• Producer
• Screenwriter
• (ii) that of the
characters
within the
representation
• Female charactors
• Male charactors
• (iii) that of the
spectator.
• Audience
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. The male gaze has three perspectives
• (i) that of the
person behind
the camera
• Director
• Producer
• Screenwriter
• (ii) that of the
characters
within the
representation
• Female charactors
• Male charactors
• (iii) that of the
spectator.
• Audience
16. scopophilia
Freud isolates scopophilia as one of the component instincts of
sexuality that exist as drives independently of the subject's
erotogenic zones: in scopophilia, the subject takes other people as
objects of (sexual) pleasure by subjecting them to a controlling and
curious gaze.
17. Female Gaze
Pleaseure does not involve mastery of the famle but submission to
her body and her gaze. This pleasure also applies to the infant, the
masochist and the film spectator.
-Gaylyn Studlar
18. Oppositional Gaze (1992)
Coming from black feminist perspective,
Bell hooks put the forth the notion of the oppsositional gaze.
Encouraging black women not to accept stereotypical
representations in film, but rather actively critique them.
19. ‘the pleasure of resistanec, of sayng NO, not to unsophisticated
enjoyment.
But the but to the structures of power which asks us to consume
them uncritically
20. Feminism
Feminism or feminist theory is a range of political movements, ideologies, and
social movements
that share a common goal which is
to define and advance political, economic, personal, and social rights for women.
21.
22. What feminist theory in communication is
all about
This entry provides an overview of
feminist theoretical work in
communication, with emphasis on
media studies and rhetoric.
23. Feminist theories within the field of communication cover many areas
of inquiry, but share a common emphasis on the examination and
explanation of gender and gendered power within communicative
texts. These theories can explicate the display of power, show how
patterns of discourse are connected to relations of power more
generally, or offer explanations about possible strategies for the
reduction of gendered power.
24.
25. Research in many areas of communication has shown a
wide range of differences in the content of messages
related to the gender of the source, audience, or subject
of a particular instance or text of communication.
Gendered Content and
Dominant Ideologies
26. Gendered Content and Dominant Ideologies
Feminist theory focusing on gendered content in
news coverage and other mainstream media
products is usually aimed at the discovery of
gendered patterns of representation and the
explication of relations of power that underlie
them. Feminist theorists have posited that
cultural devaluation of women has led to many
patterns of gender difference.
27. Feminist theories focusing on objectification and the male gaze
serve to explain mediated texts such as film, television programs,
and magazine advertising that contain sexualized imagery and
patterns in representation of the female body, often without any
significant alternative style of representation of women.
Objectification
28. Laura Mulvey
Laura Mulvey is a British feminist film theorist
Much of our media output assumes the spectator is male or constructs reality
from a male POV.
Women see themselves through the eyes of men.
In order for a woman to experience pleasure from the film, she has to
position herself in a similar role to the male viewer enjoying the spectacle.
29. Third Wave and Post feminism
Within the past two decades, an important stream of feminist theory
has focused on the development of mainstream media culture
beyond the incremental inclusion (or rejection) of feminist ideas.
Scholars have documented the emergence of two recent ways in
which media intersects with feminism in more or less positive ways.
Third‐wave feminism is understood as a stage in the development of
real‐world feminism that is reflected in many examples of media
representation.
Notes to presenter:
What is your purpose for sharing this reflection?
Is it at the end of a unit or project?
Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself?
Is it at the end of a course?
State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
Notes to presenter:
What is your purpose for sharing this reflection?
Is it at the end of a unit or project?
Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself?
Is it at the end of a course?
State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
Notes to presenter:
What is your purpose for sharing this reflection?
Is it at the end of a unit or project?
Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself?
Is it at the end of a course?
State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
Notes to presenter:
What was important about this learning experience?
How is it relevant to your course, yourself, or your society or community?
Why is this significant?
This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
Notes to presenter:
What was important about this learning experience?
How is it relevant to your course, yourself, or your society or community?
Why is this significant?
This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
Notes to presenter:
What was important about this learning experience?
How is it relevant to your course, yourself, or your society or community?
Why is this significant?
This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
Notes to presenter:
What was important about this learning experience?
How is it relevant to your course, yourself, or your society or community?
Why is this significant?
This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
Notes to presenter:
What was important about this learning experience?
How is it relevant to your course, yourself, or your society or community?
Why is this significant?
This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
Notes to presenter:
What is your purpose for sharing this reflection?
Is it at the end of a unit or project?
Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself?
Is it at the end of a course?
State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
Notes to presenter:
What is your purpose for sharing this reflection?
Is it at the end of a unit or project?
Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself?
Is it at the end of a course?
State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
Notes to presenter:
Description of what you learned in your own words on one side.
Include information about the topic
Details about the topic will also be helpful here.
Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end.
On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned.
Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
Notes to presenter:
What is your purpose for sharing this reflection?
Is it at the end of a unit or project?
Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself?
Is it at the end of a course?
State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
Notes to presenter:
What is your purpose for sharing this reflection?
Is it at the end of a unit or project?
Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself?
Is it at the end of a course?
State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
Notes to presenter:
Description of what you learned in your own words on one side.
Include information about the topic
Details about the topic will also be helpful here.
Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end.
On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned.
Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
Notes to presenter:
What is your purpose for sharing this reflection?
Is it at the end of a unit or project?
Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself?
Is it at the end of a course?
State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
Notes to presenter:
Description of what you learned in your own words on one side.
Include information about the topic
Details about the topic will also be helpful here.
Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end.
On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned.
Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
Notes to presenter:
What is your purpose for sharing this reflection?
Is it at the end of a unit or project?
Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself?
Is it at the end of a course?
State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.