How Patna/Patliputra was evolved.

1. Structure plan of Patna city
Presented by
Ankit kumar (2016uar1618)

2. History
Patna was earlier known as Patliputra or Patligram.
• There are different fact by different historian about the name of Patna/
Patliputra.
• One of them is "Putra" means son, and "pāṭali" is a species of rice or the
plant Bignonia suaveolens.
• One mythological etymology holds that the city Patna got its named on the
name of a Shakti pith Patan devi which was supposed to be fell in old Patna
city .
• As it was known as Paṭali-grama ("Paṭali village") originally, some scholars
believe that Paṭaliputra is a transformation of Paṭalipura, "Paṭali town".

3. Natural feature governed the structure plan of the city
• Patliputra was Situated at the confluence of the Ganges, Gandaka and
Son rivers, and so Pataliputra formed a "water fort, or Jaldurga".
• Its position helped it dominate the riverine trade of the Indo-Gangetic
plains during Magadha's early imperial period.
• It was a great center of trade and commerce and attracted merchants
and intellectuals, such as the famed Chanakya, from all over India.

4. History
• According to Traditional Buddhist literature Patliputra was founded in 490 BCE by the king of
Magadha Ajatshatru.
• Ajatashatru (492 to 460 BCE or early 5th century BCE) was a king of the Haryanka dynasty of
Magadha in East India.
• He was the son of King Bimbisara.
• He forcefully took over the kingdom of Magadha from his father and imprisoned him.
• He fought a war against Vajji, ruled by the Lichhavis, and conquered the republic of Vesali.
• His son shifted his capital from the hilly Rajagrha (today Rajgir) to a strategically chosen place to
protect themselves from invasion of the Licchavis and can handle the conquered Vaishali.
• He got a natural riverine fort protected by three rivers. He chose the site on the bank of the
Ganges and fortified the area.
• Ajatashatru’s son had moved his capital from Rajagriha to Pataliputra and this status was
maintained during the reign of the Mauryas and the Guptas.

5. • Vaishali
• Patna
• Rajagrih (Rajgir)
Shifting Capital of
Ajatshatru from
Rajgriha to Patna.
Source- Google map
Vaishali
N

6. N
• Ganga
• Gandak
• Sone
Jaldurga with the help
of Ganga, Gandak, and
Sone river
Source- Google map

7. • It became the capital of major powers in ancient India, such as the
• Shishunaga Empire (413–345 BCE),
• Nanda Empire (460 or 420–325 BCE),
• Maurya Empire (320–180 BCE),
• Gupta Empire (320–550 CE),
• Pala Empire (750–1200 CE).
• During the Maurya period, it became one of the largest cities in the world.
• As per the Greek diplomat, traveler and historian Megasthenes, during the
Mauryan Empire (320–180 BCE) it was among the first cities in the world to have
a highly efficient form of local self government.
• Afterwards, Sher Shah Suri (1538–1545) revived Pataliputra, which had been in
decline since the 7th century CE, and renamed it Paṭna.
History

8. • Pataliputra as a capital of the Magadha
Empire.
Pataliputra as a capital of Maurya Empire.
The Maurya Empire at its largest extent under Ashoka the
Great.

9. Pataliputra as a capital of Shunga Empire.
Approximate greatest extent of the Shunga Empire (185 BCE).
Pataliputra as a capital of Gupta Empire.
Approximate greatest extent of the Gupta Empire.

10. Patliputra ruled by different dynasties –
1. Magadha empire (490 BCE)
2. Maurayan Empire(323 BCE)
3. Gupta and Pala empire
Guru Gobind Singh (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, was born as
Gobind Rai in Patna to Guru Teg Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs, and his wife Mata Gujri. His
birthplace, Patna Sahib is one of the most sacred sites of pilgrimage for Sikhs.
1. Mughal empire (16th CENTURY)
2. Portuguese Empire (16th CENTURY)
3. British Empire (19th CENTURY)

11. Mauryan Dynasty
• During the reign of Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, it was one of
the world's largest cities, with a population of about 150,000–400,000.
• The city is estimated to have had a surface of 25.5 square kilometers, and
a circumference of 33.8 kilometers.
• It was in the shape of a parallelogram and had 64 gates (that is,
approximately one gate every 500 meters).
• "Megasthenes says that on one side where it is longest this city extends
ten miles in length, and that its breadth is one and three quarters miles;
that the city has been surrounded with a ditch in breadth 600 feet, and in
depth 45 feet; and that its wall has 570 towers and 64 gates.

12. • According to Megastheneses the Indo-Greek historian and
ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya, the city was on
the bank of river Ganga and Sonbhadra (Sone river) at around
322 BCE.
• The city was 14 km long along with river ganga and 2.82 km wide.
• He described that the Patna city was the greatest city on earth during
its peak.

13. Mauryan remains of a wooden palisade discovered at the
Bulandi Bagh site of Pataliputra.

14. Portuguese Empire
• As trade grew, settlements of the Portuguese empire expanded to the Bengal Gulf.
• Since at least 1515 the Portuguese where at Bengal as traders, and later in 1521 an embassy was
sent to Gaur to be able to create factories in the region.
• The Bengal Sultan after 1534 allowed the Portuguese to create several settlements as Chitagoong
e Satgaon.
• In 1535 the Portuguese were allied with the Bengal sultan and held the Teliagarhi pass 280 km
from Patna helping to avoid the invasion by the Mughals.
• By then several of the products came from Patna and the Portuguese send in traders, establishing
a factory there since 1580 at least.
• The products were shipped out down the river until other Portuguese ports as Chittagoon e
Satgaoon, and from there to the rest of the empire.

15. Mughal Dynasty
• Bakhtiar Khilji captured Bihar in the 12th century and destroyed everything, and Patna lost its
prestige as the political and cultural center of India.
• Afghan emperor Sher Shah Suri, revived Patna in the middle of the 16th century. He built a fort
and founded a town on the banks of the Ganges. Sher Shah's fort in Patna does not survive,
although the Sher Shah Suri mosque, built in Afghan architectural style, does.
• Akbar's court, official historian and author of "Ain-i-Akbari" Abul Fazl refers to Patna as a
flourishing Centre for paper, stone and glass industries. He also refers to the high quality of
numerous strains of rice grown in Patna, famous as Patna rice in Europe.
• With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna moved into the hands of the Nawabs of Bengal,
who levied a heavy tax on the populace but allowed it to flourish as a commercial Centre.

16. Plan of the City of Patna from a drawing by a native, London in 1838.
Source-https://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-177898
N 500 m
N 500 m
N 500 m
Plan of the City of Patna from a drawing by a native, London in 1838.

17. Main street of
Patna, showing
one side of the
Chowk, 1814–15.
Source -http://www.columbia.edu/

18. City of Patna, on
the River
Ganges, 19th-
century painting.
Source -http://www.columbia.edu/

19. British Empire
• During the 17th century, Patna became a centre of international trade.
• In 1620, the English East India Company established a factory in Patna for trading in calico and
silk.
• Soon it became a trading center for saltpeter.
• Francois Bernier, in Travels in the Mughal Empire (1656–1668), says ". It was carried down the
Ganges with great facility, and the Dutch and English sent large cargoes to many parts of the
Indies, and to Europe".
• This trade encouraged other Europeans, principally the French, Danes, Dutch and Portuguese, to
compete in the lucrative business.
• Peter Mundy, writing in 1632, described Patna as "the greatest mart of the eastern region".
• After the decisive Battle of Buxar of 1764, as per the treaty of Allahabad East India Company was
given the right to collect tax of this former Mughal province by the Mughal emperor.
• Patna was annexed by the company in 1793 to its territory when Nizamat (Mughal suzerainty)
was abolished and British East India Company took control of the province of Bengal-Bihar.
• Patna however continued as a trading centre.

20. Golghar at
Bankipore, near
Patna, 1814–15
A gigantic
grainery
This massive granary was used as a storehouse during the times of famines. It
was built by Captain John Garstin, an engineer working with the British East India
Company.
Source -http://www.columbia.edu/

21. Golghar at
Bankipore, near
Patna, 1814–15
A gigantic
grainery

22. Street in Patna,
1825 (British,
active in India)
Source -http://www.columbia.edu/

23. IN 1885 Source- ebay, Oct. 2010

24. Economy
• Patna has long been a major agricultural hub and Centre of trade.
• Its most active exports are grain, sugarcane, sesame, and medium-grained Patna rice.
• There are several sugar mills in and around Patna.
• It is an important business and luxury brand Centre of eastern India.
• The economy of Patna has seen sustained economic growth since 2005.
• The economy has been spurred by growth in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods industry, the
service sector, along with Green revolution businesses.
• In 2009, the World Bank stated Patna as the second best city in India to start up a business.

25. Old Landmarks
• Guru Gobind Singh (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, was born as Gobind Rai in Patna to
Guru Teg Bahadur, the ninth Guru of the Sikhs, and his wife Mata Gujri. His birthplace, Patna Sahib is one of the most
sacred sites of pilgrimage for Sikhs.
• The granary (Golghar) at Bankipur, near Patna (Bihar) seen from the river; European officials' houses near by; a watercolor
by Robert Smith, 1814-15* (BL)
• Badi patan devi ka mandir
• Mahaveer Mandir
New Landmarks
• Jai Prakash Narayan Air Port
• Patna junction
• Patna Museum
• Bihar Museum
• Birla Mandir

26. Takhat Sri
Harimandir
Ji (Patna
Sahib)
Showing the major landmarks of the Patna
Patna
Junction
Patna Air port
Source- Google map

27. Plan of the City of Patna from a drawing by a native, London in 1838.
Source-https://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-177898
N

28. • It became the capital of major powers in ancient India, such as the
Shishunaga Empire (413–345 BCE), Nanda Empire (460 or 420–325
BCE), the Maurya Empire (320–180 BCE), the Gupta Empire (320–550
CE), and the Pala Empire (750–1200 CE).
• During the Maurya period Patna became one of the largest cities in
the world as per the Greek diplomat, traveler and historian
Megasthenes, during the Mauryan Empire (320–180 BCE)
• It was among the first cities in the world to have a highly efficient
form of local self government.
• Afterwards, Sher Shah Suri (1538–1545) revived Pataliputra, which
had been in decline since the 7th century CE, and renamed it Patna.

29. Source- Wikipedia
N
Today’s map of Patna

30. Source -http://www.columbia.edu/
Durga Puja, 1809 watercolour painting in Patna Style

31. Holi being played in the courtyard, 1795 painting.
Source -http://www.columbia.edu/

32. Chait festival, on
the banks of the
Ganges at Patna;
a watercolor,
1795-1800*
Source -http://www.columbia.edu/

33. Existing land Use of Patna
Municipal Corporation
Source- affordablehousing.live

34. Undeveloped area today
Source- Google map

35. Growth Direction Of Patna Municipal CorporationSource- affordablehousing.live

36. Location of slum Pockets
Source- affordablehousing.live

37. Proposal of Patna
Municipal
corporation
Source- affordablehousing.live

38. Major Industrial
area in Patna
city circle of
Patna municipal
corporation
Source- affordablehousing.live

39. Linkages
• Mahatma Gandhi Setu
(also called Gandhi Setu
or Ganga Setu) in yellow
line is a bridge over the
river Ganges in Bihar,
India, connecting Patna
in the south to Hajipur in
the north.
• Its length is 5,750 metres
(18,860 ft)and it is the
third-longest river bridge
in India.
• There is also a kachha
pul (in white line )or
bridge which were made
for the pedstain and
small vehicles (2
whellers) named as pipa
pur due to made up of
pipa a continer.
Source- Google map

40. Loknayak Ganga Bridge
Mahatma Gandhi SetuSource- Google map

41. Linkages of Patna
Source- affordablehousing.live

42. City Transport NetworkSource- affordablehousing.live

43. References
• Wikipedia
• E bay
• Google map
• http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_
1799/companyrule/patna/patna.html
• https://affordablehousing.live/patna-city-development-plan-
2030.html

44. Thank you……