what is micronutrients, role of mns,deficiency symptom due to unavailability of mns,use of mns, effect on seed development and seedling estabishment, effect on seed storage, effect on seed viability and vigor,

1. Role of micronutrients in seed
crops
Doctoral seminar – I
Presented by:-
Ankit Moharana
02SST/PhD./17

2. • Elemental minerals that are needed by plants in
minute amounts but are still essential for healthy
growth and development. Micronutrients include
Zn,B,Fe,Mo,Mn,Cu,Cl,Ni

3. Analysis of soil and plant samples has indicated that 49% of soils
in India are potentially deficient in Zn, 12% in Fe, 5% in Mn, 3%
in copper (Cu), 33% in boron (B) and 11% in molybdenum (Mo).
Source:- Micronutrient deficiencies in crops and soils in India.
Maha V. Singh, Feb 2008 .

4. Major Sources of Seven Micronutrients, and Usual Content of These Nutrients in
Soils, and in Harvested Crops
Deficiency, Normal, and Critical Toxicity Levels of Micronutrient Elements in Plants

5. Role of Micronutrients in plant metabolism

6. Micronutrient deficiencies are normally associated with one or
more of the following five situations:
1. Highly weathered soils
2. Coarse-textured soils
3. High pH soils
4. Organic/muck soils
5. Soils that are low in organic matter because erosion or
land-shaping processes have removed the topsoil.
If one or of these situations applies and soil test levels and/or plant
tissue levels are low, evaluation of micronutrient fertilizers is
recommended.

7. Micronutrient deficiency in plants ultimately leads to:-
• Affect the reproductive growth in crops and poor seed
setting.
• Decrease or affect the seed yield and yield attributing
characters
• Anti-nutritional factor (for example increase in phytate
content) due to low availability of micronutrient (like zinc
or iron).
• Affect the morphological growth parameters.

8. BORON
• Boron is essential for pollination and reproduction, cell division,
and the transport of sugars.
• SYMPTOMS:-
• Young leaves look yellow and thick when the nutrient is lacking,
internodes are shorter.
• Drop of buds, flowers and developing fruits is also typical
symptoms.

10. Boron (B) deficiency is a common occurrence on alfalfa. Characteristic
symptoms of the deficiency are yellowing of the upper leaves, eventually
turning to a purpling color, along with stunting of the upper stems. If B
deficiency has previously been observed, it will likely occur whenever
alfalfa is grown in that field unless B is applied on an annual basis.
Correction measures – Foliar application
Adequate boron nutrition is critical for high
quality vegetable crops following times: prior to
heading of cole crops, prior to root swell in root
crops, and at first bloom for tomatoes and okra.

11. MANGANESE
• Manganese is important in chlorophyll formation. It is part of enzymes
involved in respiration and nitrogen metabolism
Symptom:-
• Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves, no sharp distinction between vein
and interveinal areas.
• Development of interveinal white streaks in wheat.
Manganese deficiency (stunted plants with green veins in yellow or
whitish leaves) is common on high pH (alkaline) sandy soils, especially
during cool, wet weather in late May and June.
Suggested treatment is to spray either manganese sulfate or a
manganese chelate complex onto the leaves soon after the symptoms
first appear. Broadcast soil applications of Mn are often ineffective
because the Mn becomes unavailable.

13. IRON
Iron is important in chlorophyll formation and is
component of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, respiration,
and nitrogen fixation.
Symptoms:-
-Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves.
-Twig dieback.
-In severe cases, death of entire limbs or plants.

15. MOLYBDENUM
• Molybdenum is part of enzymes involved in nitrogen
metabolism. It aids nitrogen fixation and protein synthesis.
• Symptoms :-
• yellow older leaves and growth is stunted.
• Marginal scorching and cupping or rolling of leaves.
• Veins remain green producing a mottled
appearance.

17. ZINC
• Zinc is important in chlorophyll, auxin, and starch formation,
and it is part of the enzymes that are involved in respiration.
• Symptoms:-
• Reduced fruit bud formation.
• Diebackof twigs after the first year.
• Striping or banding on corn leaves.
• Shortening of internodes.

18. Zinc deficiency in corn is exhibited on the upper leaves as
interveinal chlorosis. The veins, midrib and leaf margin
remain green. As the deficiency intensifies “feather like”
bands develop on either side of the midrib and the leaves
may turn almost white (hence the term “white bud” was
coined to describe Zn deficient corn plants); internodes are
short resulting in stunted plants.

20. CHLORINE
Chlorine is involved in light reactions of
photosynthesis. It aids root and shoot growth.
Deficiency:-
Wilting followed by chlorosis.
Bronzing of leaves.
Excessive branching of lateral roots.
Chlorosis and necrosis in tomatoes and barley.

22. COPPER
• Copper regulates several chemical processes
including chlorophyll synthesis and respiration.
• SYMPTOMS:-
• Yellowing of leaves with the younger leaves
affected first.
• Bark of tree is rough and blistered.
• Stunted growth,flowering and fruiting may fail to
develop in annual plants.

24. Effect of boron on reproductive
growth and seed setting of rice
Boron nutrition in rice. a Adequate boron. b, c Boron deficiency
(interveinal chlorosis and necrotic spots). d Boron toxicity

25. • Boron (B), a non-metal micronutrient, is essential for normal growth and
development of plants, including rice (Gupta 1979; Dunn et al. 2005). Boron
deficiency reduce crop yield, impair grain quality and increase the susceptibility
of crops to disease( Goldbach et al. 2007).
Boron helps in calcium utilization, cell division, flowering/reproductive
phase, water relations, disease resistance, and nitrogen (N) metabolism
(Sprague 1951; Goldbach et al. 2007; Ahmad et al. 2009).
Boron deficiency in rice induces panicle sterility due to poor pollen and
anther development and failed pollen germination (Yang et al. 1999) which
reduces the number of grains per panicle and therefore, grain yield
(Nieuwenhuis et al. 2000; Gowri 2005).
B deficiency in rice not only reduces paddy yield but also damages grain
quality (Rashid et al. 2004, 2007)
That is B deficiency in field crops is considered to reduce grain set more
than vegetative growth. In fact, in rice, B deficiency reduced straw
biomass production more than paddy yield (Rashid et al. 2002a, 2007).

26. • Samanta et al.2017 carried out a study on effect of micronutrient
on yield and yield attributes of hybrid rice under boro cultivation in
lower gangetic alluvial zone at Agricultural Experimental Farm of
Calcutta University
T1- NPK (120:60:60)
T2- NPK (40/120:60:60)+ ZnSO4(25kg/ha)
T3- NPK (40/120:60:60) + Ammonium molybdate 0.2%
T4- NPK (40/120:60:60) +Di-sodium-tetrahydrateoctaborate 0.2%
T5- NPK (40/120 : 60 : 60) +ZnSO4+ Ammonium molybdate
T6-NPK (40/120:60:60) +ZnSO4 + Di-sodium-tetrahydrateoctaborate
T7-NPK(40/120:60:60)+Ammonium molybdate+Di-sodium-
tetrahydrateoctaborate
T8- NPK (40/120:60:60) + ZnSO4 + Ammonium molybdate + Di-sodium-
tetrahydrateocta-borate
NPK (40/120:60:60) + ZnSO4 + Ammonium molybdate + Di-sodium-tetrahydrateoctaborate as
foliar application at active tillering stage and panicle initiation stage respectively.

27. Grain yield (6.54 t/ha) , total no. of grains panicle-1 (120.33) and test weight (22.67g)
were increased due to NPK (40/120:60:60) +ZnSO4+ Ammonium molybdate + Di-
sodium-tetrahydrateoctaborate at active tillering stage.
TREATME
NTS
Grain
yield(t/ha)
No. of
Panicle
(m-1)
total grains
(No/panicle)
Test weight
(g/1000
grains)
T1 5.05 266.67 110.00 21.44
T2 5.23 280.00 110.67 21.14
T3 5.42 280.00 120 21.94
T4 5.44 293.33 118 21.83
T5 5.77 303.66 123 22.48
T6 6.18 320.00 116 22.67
T7 6.40 320.00 117 22.29
T8 6.54 346.66 120.33 22.67
CD 0.05 1.05 32.77 6.71 0.75

28. • Kawade et al.2018 carried out a experiment to study the response of
hybrid sunflower to micronutrient in kharif season at the Experimental
Farm of Agronomy Section, College of Agriculture, Latur
Treatments Seed Yield (kg/ha) Oil yield (kg/ha) Protein yield(kg/ha)
T1-RDF(90:45:45) NPK kg/ha 1258 417 198
T2-RDF+ZnSO4(10 kg/ha) 1392 470 244
T3-RDF+ZnSO4(20 kg/ha 1524 518 280
T4-RDF+ZnSO4(30 kg/ha) 1587 551 311
T5-RDF+FeSO4(10 kg/ha) 1408 469 245
T6-RDF+FeSO4(20kg/ha) 1451 485 265
T7-RDF+FeSO4(30 kg/ha) 1561 534 302
T8-RDF+Borax(2 kg/ha) 1313 436 213
T9-RDF+Borax(3.5 kg/ha) 1508 510 275
T10-RDF+Borax(5 kg/ha) 1644 575 312
CD @5 % VALUE 232 83 47

29. • Nadergoli et al. carried out a study on Effect of Zinc and Manganese and
their application method on yield and yield components of Common bean
during growing seasons of 2008-2009 in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz
branch, Iran.
The manure sources involved zinc sulphate and
manganese sulphate that contained 36% pure zinc and
32% pure manganese respectively.
b1: Control, b2: Soil application, b3: Foliar application at shooting stage,
b4: Foliar application at flowering stage, b5: Foliar application at podding
stage, b6: Foliar application at shooting and flowering stages, b7: Foliar
application at shooting and podding stages, b8: Foliar application at
flowering and podding stages,b9: Foliar application at shooting, flowering
and podding stages

30. Method and
stages
No of
pod/plant
No of
seed/pod
Yield (g/m2) Harvest
index
b1 6.150 22.62 148.6 54.79
b2 6.128 23.88 168.1 57.12
b3 6.622 24.32 172.5 59.05
b4 7.483 24.14 201.0 60.89
b5 7.466 28.17 198.5 59.01
b6 7.827 27.85 208.5 50.10
b7 7.628 28.21 221.1 59.79
b8 7.822 25.97 211.0 58.53
b9 8.944 32.74 260.2 62.29
Results showed that the highest number of seeds per pods, number of pods per
plant, yield and harvest index were obtained by foliar application at shooting,
flowering and podding stages, respectively.

31. • Ramgiry et al. carried out an experiment during 2016-17 to study
the effect of foliar spray of micronutrients to enhance seed yield
and quality in chilli.
Treatment
sym
Treatment Plant ht (cm) Seed
yield(q/ha)
Germination
(%)
SVI I SVI II
T1 Control 81.1 2.61 71.97 752.05 106.51
T2 FeSO4(0.2%) 67.59 2.63 71.53 704.60 79.40
T3 Ca(NO3)2-
0.2%
75.30 1.97 69.13 491.49 43.55
T4 Boron-0.1% 72.20 2.22 71.08 525.28 54.73
T5 Mixture of all 70.14 3.00 73.30 781.41 117.29
T6 T5-FeSO4 65.17 3.13 77.07 631.23 134.88
T7 T5-Ca(NO3)2 66.39 3.93 81.53 911.15 207.90
T8 T5-boron 64.18 3.64 80.21 731.32 197.31
CD(P=0.05) 7.57 0.73 5.49 51.38 9.75
T1- Control, T2- FeSO4 (0.2%), T3-Ca(NO3)2 (0.2%), T4- Boron (0.1 %), T5- Mixture of all, T6- T5
without FeSO4 (0.2%), T7- T5 without Ca(NO3)2 (0.2%), and T8- T5 without Boron (0.1 %)

32. Heidarian et al. Carried out an experiment Investigating Fe and Zn
foliar application on yield and its components of soybean at
different growth stages
Observations taken at 3 different stages (10 leaf stage, beginning of
flowering and beginning of pod set). Sub plots were control, Zn 116
ppm , Fe 116 ppm and combination of Zn+Fe.
Treatment Seed yield
(t/ha)
Pod
no/plant
Seeds/pod 1000 grain
wt(g)
Control 6.66 24.23 1.68 144.4
Zn 7.42 35.97 2.16 167.3
Fe 8.33 31.31 2.23 178.2
Zn+Fe 15.75 36.36 2.17 200

33. Bahrani et al. 2014 carried out an experiment on effects of
micronutrients on seed yield and oil content of Brassica napus
Foliar application of micronutrient was done two times, at first when plants had 6 or 8
leaves and second treatment was applied when these had 10 or 12 leaves (early of
flowering stage). At maturity, 10 plants were taken randomly from each sub plot for
recording the morphological characteristics, yield components and grain yield.
Treatme
nts
No of
pod/pla
nt
No of
seed/pod
1000
kernel
wt(g)
Grain
yield
(kg/ha)
Oil(%)
Oil yield
(kg/ha)
0 80 17 2.83 880 19.1 176
2 83 19 3.17 1224 23.3 238
4 86 21 3.30 1532 25.7 268
Foliar application of Fe, Zn, Mn part per thousand .CD= P (0.05)

34. Muhmood et al. Carried out an experiment on Effect of boron on seedling
vigour and wheat yield.
Five treatments viz. recommended dose (RD) of NPK (control), RD of NPK +
0.5 kg ha-1 B, RD of NPK + 1.0 kg ha-1 B, RD of NPK + 1.5 kg ha-1 B and
RD of NPK + 2.0 kg ha-1 B were used.
Wheat grain yield (t/ha)
Treatment (Boron)
(kg/ha)
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
0 3.92 4.29 4.87
0.5 3.97 4.30 4.99
1 4.06 4.70 5.06
1.5 4.21 4.53 5.11
2 4.42 4.83 5.28
LSD, p< 0.05 0.46 0.40 0.31

35. Wheat shoot length (cm)
Treatment (Boron)
(kg/ha)
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
0 1.07 1.58 1.65
0.5 1.19 1.89 1.93
1 1.28 1.94 2.04
1.5 1.43 1.95 2.06
2 1.62 2.40 2.45
LSD, p< 0.05 0.06 0.29 0.25
Wheat root length (cm)
Treatment (Boron)
(kg/ha)
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
0 1.36 1.97 1.97
0.5 1.62 2.29 2.31
1 1.80 2.45 2.40
1.5 1.96 2.51 2.50
2 2.36 2.93 2.84
LSD, p< 0.05 0.11 0.16 0.24

36. Pal et al.2018 carried out an experiment on Influence of Different Micronutrient on
Seed Viability and Vigour Parameters in Chilli Under Storage Condition .
T0-control, T1-Iron sulphate @ 0.1%, T2- Iron sulphate @ 0.5%, T3- Iron sulphate @ 1.0%,T4-
Copper sulphate @ 0.1%, T5- Copper sulphate @ 0.5%, and T6- Copper sulphate @ 1.0%, T7-
Zinc sulphate @ 0.1%, T8 Zinc sulphate @ 0.5%, and T9- Zinc sulphate @ 1.0%
Period of seed storage
Treatment Initial 3 MAS 6 MAS
P1 P2 P1 P2
T0 75 60 73 36 42
T1 86 85 85 79 70
T2 87 72 82 75 65
T3 69 75 81 76 64
T4 86 85 79 78 67
T5 83 84 83 77 66
T6 88 83 79 78 68
T7 87 90 88 74 70
T8 91 76 84 58 70
T9 93 92 89 80 73
CD at 5% 2.91 7.31 5.95 14.95
Effect on germination %

37. PERIOD OF STORAGE
Treatme
nt
Initial 3 MAS 6 MAS
P1 P2 P1 P2
SVI I SVI II SVI I SVI II SVI I SVI II SVI I SVI II SVI I SVI II
T0 318.6 3.36 265.6 0.92 189.3 1.09 168 0.96 231.8 0.84
T1 430.6 2.64 467.4 1.7 394.5 1.29 486 1.58 401.6 1.74
T2 495.9 5.55 476 2.54 442.8 2.05 585.1 2.62 483.7 2.29
T3 361.8 1.71 368.7 1.89 368.4 1.62 460.1 0.765 170 0.98
T4 258 2.68 242.1 2.14 264.6 1.235 369.2 1.685 143.5 1.34
T5 224.2 2.08 251.4 2.035 228.4 1.25 173.3 1.93 158 1
T6 281.6 2.2 262.8 1.66 213.6 1.925 163.4 1.94 159.5 1.075
T7 483.7 1.74 412.8 2.24 413.6 1.32 462.2 1.49 412.3 1.32
T8 445.3 3.67 406.6 1.9 382.7 1.68 344 1.5 391.2 0.71
T9 347.5 1.86 437 2.3 352.1 1.33 381.3 1.99 190.2 1.83
CD at
5%
41.18 0.49 103.44 1.23 62.09 0.56 155.8 1.43
P1-polythene bag of 700 gauge and P2-paper bag.

38. Shruthi et al.2013 carried out an experiment on Effect of foliar
application of micronutrients On seed yield, quality and
storability in Soybean.

40. Saranya et al.2017 carried out an experiment on Seed priming
studies for vigour enhancement in onion.

41. Effect of seed priming treatments on germination (%) in onion

42. CONCLUDING REMARKS
• Micronutrients though require in trace amounts but it is
as important as macronutrients in plant nutrient
management as it is helpful in proper growth and
development of plant. It is required for the vegetative
and reproductive growth of the plant and as well as
helpful in seed setting. Micronutrient functions directly
related to seed yield, grain yield, oil and protein yield,
seed germination enhancement, vigour enhancement,
storage period enhancement etc. as discussed in above
research findings. Micronutrient application also
enhance the uptake of nutrients like N,P,K and S.