Best Media and Time for Pomegranate Cuttings

1 • Introduction
2 • Media
3 • Criteria for selecting media
5 • Type of Media
6 • Bio-fertilizers
7 • Type of bio-fertilizer
8 • Plant Growth regulator
9 • Function of Plant Growth regulator
10 • Rooting Hormones
11 • Case studies
12 • Conclusion
Topic Division

Introduction
 Botanical name: Punica granatum L.
 Family: Punicaceae
 Origin: Iran
 India is one of the major pomegranates producing country
 In India: Area - 0.13 m ha
Production - 1.35 m tons
Productivity - 10.3 t/ha (Anon. 2014)
 Pomegranate is commercially propagated by cuttings, and it is the easiest
and most satisfactory method.
1

 Multiplication of plants through stem cutting is the most convenient and
cheap method and by this method a stronger plant can be developed
considerably in less time. True to type, and bear early.
 Growth regulators and biofertilizers also play an important role in rooting and
growth of pomegranate cuttings.
 Therefore in order to improve rooting ability and success percent, one
technique has been improved in which synthetic root promoting growth
regulator and bio-fertilizers are used.
 Apart from that suitable media is needed for cutting establishment to have
enough moisture and good aeration, provides anchorage to the plants by
holding the root system
2

What is media?
 Media is the substance, provides anchorage to the plants by
holding the root system
 It also provides the essential plant nutrients required for the
metabolism, growth and development of the plants
 Either single medium or the combinations of two or more media
is used as substrate
3

Criteria for selecting media
Free from pathogens, pests
and weed seeds etc
Enough nutrients in
reserve
Sterilized easilyNeutral pH
Easily available and
economical
Good drainage,
porosity, aeration, etc
Do not shrink or expand
easily
Dense and firm enough to hold
the root system intact
7
4

Different types of media used
 Soil
 Sand
 FYM
 Sphagnum moss
 Compost
 Cocopeat
 Charcoal
 Perlite
 Vermiculite
 Pumice
 Rock wool
 Peat
 Shredded bark
 Vermicompost
 Leaf mould
 Rice hull
6

 Basic material/ ingredient of the
media
 Major portion in the combination of
different media
 Cheaply available, economic & easy
to handle
 Imp components are sand
( 2.00mm to 0.2mm), silt (0.2 to
0.02mm) and clay (less than 0.02mm)
Soil Sand
 Naturally occurring granular
material composed of finely divided
rock and mineral particles (0.2 mm
to 2 mm )
 Common constituent of sand is
silica (silicon dioxide), usually in
the form of quartz
 Because of its chemical inertness
and considerable hardness, it is most
commonly used as a component in
media
Gravels – improve aerationSand – fine particles
7

 Prepared basically using cow dung,
cow urine, waste straw and other
Farm wastes
 Rich in nutrients
 A balanced nutrition is made
available to the plants
 Improves soil fertility
FYM Compost
 It is the well decomposed organic
matter obtained by decomposition
 Cardboard Paper, Coffee grounds, Coir,
Garden waste, night soil, Leaves,
Seafood, Manure, Spent mushroom
substrate, Tree bark, Fruit and Vegetable
wastes etc. can be effectively used for
composting.
8

 Dehydrated remains of acid-bog
plants from the genus Sphagnum.
• Ability to absorb 10 to 20 times its
weight in water
• This is used as a soil conditioner
which increases soils capacity to hold
water and nutrients by increasing
capillary forces and CEC.
Sphagnum moss Coir-pith/ Coco Peat / Coir Dust
• Coir is a versatile natural fiber
extracted from mesocarp tissue, or
husk of the coconut
• Husk contains 20% to 30% fiber
• Holds 8-9 times it's weight in water
• Ability to store and release nutrient
to plants for extended periods of
time
Fresh Sphagnum moss Dried Sphagnum moss
9

Vermicompost
 Is the organic manure also known as worm castings, worm humus or worm
manure, is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by the
earthworm
 Richer in many nutrients than compost produced by other composting methods
 Improves physical structure and water holding capacity
 Microbial activity is 10 to 20 times higher than in the soil and organic matter
 Enhances germination, plant growth, and crop yield
 Improves root growth and structure
10

• Is a form of compost produced by the fungal breakdown of shrub
and tree leaves
• Essentially a soil conditioner
• Leaf mould increases water retention in soils by over 50%
• Improves soil structure and provides a fantastic habitat for soil life,
including earthworms and beneficial bacteria
Leaf mould
11

 Is a unique volcanic mineral which
expands to about 13 times its original
volume
 Improves Aeration and drainage
 Moisture and nutrients readily available
to plants
 Neutral in pH (6.5 to 7.5)
 Serves as an insulator to reduce extreme
soil temperature fluctuations
 Sterile and free of weeds and disease
Perlite Vermiculite
 Is a natural mineral that expands
with the application of heat
 The expansion process is called
exfoliation
 Used as soil additive for plants,
together with perlite for potted
plants
 Good soil conditioner
12

 Rice hulls are hard protective
coverings of grains of rice
 It has capacity to hold moisture and
make available to the plants.
 Economic and easily available
Rice hull
Poultry manure  Poultry manure is the organic waste
material from poultry consisting of animal
feces and urine
 Used as a organic fertilizer especially for
soil low in nitrogen.
 More concentrated source of crop nutrients
especially NPK and calcium.
 It increases the soil organic matter content,
more WHC, improves soil structure
13

Peat
• Is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation matter
• It is formed in wetlands or peat lands
• Helps to retaining moisture in soil when it's dry and yet
preventing the excess of water from killing roots when it's wet
• Also store nutrients although it is not fertile itself.
14

Bio-fertilizer
 These are cultures of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, packed in a carrier
material. Thus, the critical input in Biofertilizers is the microorganisms.
 They help the plants indirectly through better Nitrogen (N) fixation or
improving the nutrient availability in the soil.
 Biofertilizer are eco-friendly and pose no danger to the environment.
 They improve fertility of the land using biological wastes.
 Do not contain any chemicals which are detrimental to the living soil.
 Use of bio-fertilizer is recommended for improving the soil fertility in
organic farming.
15

ROLE OF BIOFERTILIZERS
 Makes availability of nutrients.
 Make the root rhizosphere more lively.
 Growth Promoting Substances are produced.
 More root proliferation.
 Better germination.
 Improve quality and quantity of produce.
 Improve fertilizer use efficiency.
 More biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
 Improve soil health.
 Make the system more sustainable.
16

Types of Biofertilizer
Biofertilizers
Compost
Biofertlizers
Nitrogen
Biofertilizers
Phosphorus & Potassium
Biofertlizers
Rhizobium
Azotobacter
Acetobacter
Azospirillum
Frateuria aurantia
Phosphobacteria Protozoa
Yeast
Fungi
17

Plant growth regulators
 Defined as organic compounds other than nutrients, that affects the
physiological processes of growth and development in plants when
applied in low concentrations.
 Natural or synthetic compounds that are applied directly to a target
plant to alter its life processes or its structure to improve quality,
increase yields, or facilitate harvesting.
18

Major Plant Growth Regulators
 Auxin - Cell elongation
 Gibberellins - Stem growth
 Cytokinins - Cell division
 Ethylene - Ripening
 Abscisic acid - Stress/Germination
3
19

Classification of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)
20

1. Growth promoters:
2. Growth inhibitors:
3. Growth retardants:
Gibberellins
GA3, GA4, GA7
Cytokinins- Kinetin, BA
Ethylene- Ethrel, Ethephon
Abscisic acid- ABA
Auxins- IBA,
NAA, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T
CCC, Alar, Paclobutrazol 21

Functions of GR’s
Organ genesis Stomatal regulation
Root inductionBreaking dormancy and Seed germination
22

Rooting Hormones
 Rooting hormones are plant growth substances that are applied to
cuttings to influence the root formation.
 There are a number of plant growth regulators that have been
shown to influence the rooting of cuttings.
The most important of these regulators is auxin
Auxin is involved in many growth processes and its principal
function is to stimulate increases in cell length.
In simple terms differentiation is the where cells become roots,
stems or leaves.
23

Rooting Hormones
It has been confirmed by many scientific studies that auxin is required for
the initiation of roots on stem cuttings.
The chemical name for the auxin naturally produced by a plant is indole-
3-acetic acid ("IAA") which is synthesized by the plant.
After the discovery of IAA, two synthetic auxins, indole-3-butyric acid
("IBA") and naphthaleneacetic acid ("NAA"), were discovered to have
the same functions as IAA and to be more effective in rooting stem
cuttings.
As a result IBA and NAA are the active ingredients in most commercially
available rooting hormone products.
NAA and IBA are used for inducing the rooting of cuttings of woody
plants.
24

Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences
Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 2 (12) November 2013: 164-168
Effects of Different Collecting time and Different Medium on
Rooting of Pomegranate " Malas torsh cv." Cuttings
Ansari., 2013,
26
Case study – 1
Department of Horticulture, Islamic Azad
University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran

Materials and Methods
 Separation dates were as follow: 22 Nov, 6 Dec, 21 Dec, 5 jan, 20
Jan, 4 Feb, 19 Feb (2008).
 Media for planting of cuttings were as follow:
 Disinfected sand (with boiling water)
 Perlite
 Vermiculite
 Sand + vermiculite (1:1)
 Perlite+vermiculite( 1:1)
 Sand + perlite (1:1)
 The mean temperature of plastic tunnel greenhouse was 25-27˚C
during the period of rooting.
 After harvest roots were dried at 70˚C for 48 hours.
 Design: RCBD
27

Table 1. Comparison of media effects on rooting characteristics
Media Rooting %
Root length
(cm)
Root
number
Fresh root
weight (gr)
Root dry
to fresh
weight
ratio
Perlite + Vermiculate 66.76 a 17.62 b 21.48 a 5.05 b 83.10 b
Perlite 65.62 a 18.24 b 23.48 a 4.90 b 78.57 d
Perlite + Sand 52.43 c 17.38 b 12.86 c 3.67 c 81.52 c
Sand 40.43 d 20.86 a 16.52 b 2.67 d 77.48 d
Vermiculate 71.19 a 19.57 ab 21.57 a 6.43 a 83.00 b
Vermiculate + Sand 72.10 a 18.67 ab 21.81 a 6.19 a 88.76 a
28
Ansari, 2013

Table 2. Comparison of collecting times effects on rooting characteristics
Dates Rooting %
Root length
(cm)
Root
number
Fresh root
weight (gr)
Root dry
to fresh
weight
ratio
Date -1 (22 Nov) 33.50 g 18.11 a 14.56 e 2.44 g 74.56 e
Date -2 (6 Dec ) 68.17 c 19.61 a 15.33 e 5.28 c 89.94 b
Date -3 (21 Dec ) 55.94 e 19.50 a 20.33 bc 7.11 a 86.72 c
Date -4 (5 Jan ) 62.28 d 20.06 a 16.56 de 4.50 e 83.78 d
Date -5 (20 Jan ) 52.22 f 17.56 a 18.50 cd 2.89 f 91.33 a
Date -6 (4 Feb ) 84.89 a 18.56 a 21.67 b 4.89 d 75.61 e
Date -7 (19 Feb ) 74.94 b 17.67 a 30.39 a 6.61 b 72.56 f
29
Ansari, 2013
• The results showed that most rooting percent and fresh root
weight were obtained in sand+vermiculite and vermiculite,
respectively.
• Also the most fresh root weight and rooting percent was
observed in 21 Dec and 4 Feb, respectively.
• The most effect on rooting percentage and root numbers was
obtained on 5 Jan and 4 Feb in vermiculite and 19 Feb in
vermiculite + sand respectively

The effect of different mediums and cuttings on growth and
rooting of pomegranate cuttings
Alikhani,et al. 2011
30
Case study – 2
Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of
Horticulture, Islamic Azad University, Saveh
Branch, Saveh, Iran

 An experiment was carried out in the form of split plots test
(complete randomized blocks) in 3 replicates.
 Media- sand and peat.
 Sand particles 0.2 mm in diameter were mixed with peat and
placed in some boxes with 50×30×30 cm.
 Cuttings were dipped in Naphtalen Acetic Acid (NAA- 4000
ppm) for 5 seconds and planted in different medium.
 Temperature maintained at 23-27°C.
 The cuttings were sprayed with water for 2 minutes every day.
 After 3 months, the cuttings were harvested and the relevant
data were recorded.
31

Table 3: Results of mean comparison of medium type on cutting parameters
Type of
medium
Leaf
number
Shoot number Raised bud
number
Root length
Sand 12.62a
2.38a
2.07a
50.90a
Sand + Peat 13.00a
2.00a
1.76a
19.58a
Different letters show the significant at p<0.05
32
Alikhani et al., 2011

Table 4: Results of mean comparison of cutting parameters
Number of
buds
Leaf
number
Shoot number Raised bud
number
Root length
One bud 1.67b
1.00b
1.00b
0.00b
Three buds 8.77ba
1.82ba
1.69ba
41.56a
More than
three buds
19.00a
2.73a
2.36a
13.17a
Different letters show the significant at p<0.05
33

Figure 1: Three bud cuttings in sand medium
34
• The results of this study suggest that
three bud cuttings with minimum height
are suitable for propagation as they
produce maximum root length in sand
and in this case there is no need for peat.

Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture
Standardization of rooting media for quality planting material Production of
pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) under controlled atmosphere
Lal and Ahmed, 2010
35
Case study - 3
Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture
Old Air Field, PO: Rangreth-190007 Srinagar,
J&K

 Cuttings of Pomegranate cv. Dholka, collected from five year-old mother plants (14-
16 cm with 1.0 cm diameter.
 The treatments comprised of three type of cutting (i.e. hard wood cutting Semi hard
wood and soft wood cuttings).
 Cuttings of more than eleven months old-were considered as hard wood, 7- 8 month
as semi hard wood and 4-6 months as soft wood.
 rooting media
1. Soil+FYM (80:20)
2. Soil+FYM+Cocopeat (60:20:20)
3. Soil+FYM+Sand+Poultry (60:20:10:10)
4. Soil+FYM+Vermiculite+Poultry (60:20:10:10)
5. Soil+FYM+Vermiculite+Poultry+Sand (50:20:10:10:10)
6. Soil+Sand (50:50)
7. Soil as control.
 Design: CRD
 Replication: 3
36

Treatment
Days to sprouting Sprouting (%)
Hardwood
cutting
Semi
hard
wood
Softwood
cutting
Mean Hard
wood
cutting
Semi
hard
wood
Soft
wood
cutting
Mean
Soil+FYM (80:20) 80.000 77.667 80.667 79.444 62.667 72.333 43.000 59.333
Soil+FYM+Cocopeat
(60:20:20)
82.000 74.000 90.333 82.111 61.667 74.000 44.333 60.000
Soil+FYM+Sand+Poultry
manure (60:20:10:10)
74.667 79.000 86.667 80.111 67.000 75.667 51.000 64.556
Soil+FYM+Vermiculite+Po-
ultry (60:20:10:10)
75.333 87.333 78.667 80.444 66.333 79.000 56.000 67.111
ultry+Sand (50:20:10:10:10)
80.333 82.000 80.333 80.889 66.333 82.333 61.000 69.889
Soil+Sand (50:50) 72.000 60.000 83.000 71.667 62.333 95.000 53.000 70.111
Soil (Control ) 90.000 87.667 86.333 88.000 56.667 65.000 33.333 51.667
Mean 79.190 78.238 83.714 63.286 77.619 48.810
Table 5. Effect of type of cutting and rooting media on days to sprouting and
sprouting percentage of pomegranate cuttings
37
Lal and Ahmed, 2010

• The cutting were planted in black polybags of 20 x 10 cm size
filled different rooting media and placed under mist unit
• Irrigated at regular intervals through mist system.
Treatment
Sprout/Cutting (No.) Sprout Length (cm)
Hardwood
cutting
Semi
hard
wood
Softwood
cutting
Mean Hard
wood
cutting
Semi
hard
wood
Soft
wood
cutting
Mean
Soil+FYM (80:20) 3.667 6.667 3.333 4.556 4.000 9.000 4.000 5.667
Soil+FYM+Cocopeat
(60:20:20)
5.333 7.333 4.000 5.556 3.333 4.000 4.333 3.889
manure (60:20:10:10)
4.333 7.667 3.000 5.000 4.667 4.667 3.000 4.111
ultry (60:20:10:10)
3.667 6.667 5.333 5.222 4.333 6.000 5.000 5.111
ultry+Sand (50:20:10:10:10)
2.667 8.667 4.000 5.111 4.333 3.000 4.667 4.000
Soil+Sand (50:50) 3.667 10.000 5.000 6.222 5.333 5.000 3.000 4.444
Soil (Control ) 1.333 5.000 2.000 2.778 2.000 3.000 3.667 2.889
Mean 3.524 7.429 3.810 4.000 4.952 3.952
Table 6. Effect of type of cutting and rooting media on number spouting/cuttings
and sprout length of pomegranate cuttings
38Lal and Ahmed, 2010

Treatment
Primary root length (cm) Secondary root length
Hardwood
cutting
Semi
hard
wood
Softwood
cutting
Mean Hard
wood
cutting
Semi
hard
wood
Soft
wood
cutting
Mean
Soil+FYM (80:20) 4.000 7.000 4.000 5.000 21.667 27.333 14.000 21.000
Soil+FYM+Cocopeat
(60:20:20)
3.333 4.000 4.333 3.889 23.000 26.667 16.000 21.889
manure (60:20:10:10)
4.667 4.667 3.000 4.111 21.000 24.667 15.000 20.222
ultry (60:20:10:10)
4.333 6.000 5.000 5.111 19.333 24.667 18.333 20.778
ultry+Sand (50:20:10:10:10)
4.333 3.000 4.667 4.000 20.667 25.000 16.667 20.778
Soil+Sand (50:50) 5.333 8.000 3.000 5.444 20.667 32.000 18.000 23.556
Soil (Control ) 2.000 1.333 3.667 2.333 19.333 23.000 12.667 18.333
Mean 4.000 4.857 3.952 20.810 26.190 15.810
Table 7. Effect of type of cutting and rooting media on primary root length and
secondary root length of pomegranate cuttings

Treatment
Longest root length (cm) Root diameter (mm)
Hardwood
cutting
Semi
hard
wood
Softwood
cutting
Mean Hard
wood
cutting
Semi
hard
wood
Soft
wood
cutting
Mean
Soil+FYM (80:20) 17.333 21.000 10.000 16.111 0.500 1.750 0.367 0.872
Soil+FYM+Cocopeat
(60:20:20)
18.000 23.333 11.000 17.444 0.533 1.033 0.400 0.656
manure (60:20:10:10)
16.000 20.667 11.667 16.111 0.533 1.300 0.433 0.756
ultry (60:20:10:10)
16.333 23.000 12.000 17.111 0.567 1.367 0.400 0.778
ultry+Sand (50:20:10:10:10)
16.000 24.000 11.333 17.111 0.500 1.400 0.433 0.778
Soil+Sand (50:50) 17.000 28.000 9.667 18.222 0.567 0.967 0.467 0.667
Soil (Control ) 14.000 16.333 9.667 13.333 0.567 0.800 0.333 0.567
Mean 16.381 22.333 10.762 0.538 1.231 0.405
Table 8. Effect of type of cutting and rooting media on longest root length, root
diameter of pomegranate cuttings

Treatment
Survival of rooted cutting (%) Root length (cm)
Hardwood
cutting
Semi
hard
wood
Softwood
cutting
Mean Hard
wood
cutting
Semi
hard
wood
Soft
wood
cutting
Mean
Soil+FYM (80:20) 64.000 90.000 58.667 70.889 7.333 15.000 6.000 9.444
Soil+FYM+Cocopeat
(60:20:20)
65.667 73.333 58.000 65.667 7.000 9.000 5.667 7.222
manure (60:20:10:10)
64.667 75.000 58.667 66.111 6.000 8.000 5.667 6.556
ultry (60:20:10:10)
63.000 77.333 59.000 66.444 6.667 10.333 5.667 7.556
ultry+Sand (50:20:10:10:10)
63.333 76.000 58.667 66.000 6.667 9.333 5.000 7.000
Soil+Sand (50:50) 62.667 83.000 59.667 68.444 7.000 10.000 5.667 7.556
Soil (Control ) 63.333 70.667 58.333 64.111 6.333 8.333 5.000 6.556
Mean 63.810 77.905 58.714 6.714 10.000 5.524
Table 9. Effect of type of cutting and rooting media on survival of rooted cutting
and root length of pomegranate cuttings
41
 Best performance of the rooted cuttings in the medium containing
Soil+FYM (80:20) and Soil+Sand (50:50) may be due to
nutritionally better conditions, containing organic material.
 Efficient performance of sand is due to internal high temperature
of the medium and proper aeration, which causes quick sprouting
that resulted in maximum survival, sprout length, root diameter,
number of leaves per cutting, longest root, maximum sprouting and
minimum days to sprout
Lal and Ahmed 2010

Plant Archives Vol. 14 No. 1, 2014 pp. 347-350
Effect of growth regulators and biofertilizers on
survival of pomegranate (Punica granatum l.) stem cuttings
Damar et al., 2014
42
Case study - 4
College of Agriculture, R.V.S.K.V.V.,
Gwalior-474 002 (Madhya Pradesh), India.

 Fifteen treatment combinations consisting of three treatments
of biofertilizers i.e. Control, Azotobacter in powder form,
Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) in powder form.
 Five treatments of growth regulators i.e. Control, 1000 ppm
IBA, 2000 ppm IBA, 500 ppm NAA and 1000 ppm NAA.
 Replicated three times in a complete randomized design
(CRD).
 The cutting were planted for each treatment in each replication
in poly bags (6” × 3”) containing rooting media (one cutting in
each bag).
43

Table 10. Effect of Growth Regulators, Biofertilizers and their combination on
Survival of Pomegranate stem cuttings.
44
• Different combinations of biofertilizers and growth
regulators, percentage of success of cutting, number of
shoots per cutting, number of leaves per shoot, total
number of leaves per cutting, diameter of roots, dry
matter percentage of roots, number of roots per cutting,
length of root and fresh weight of roots were found
significantly superior under treatment combination of
PSB + 2000 ppm IBA.
Damar et al., 2014

Biological Forum – An International Journal, 1(1): 75-80 (2009)
Impact of Inoculation of micro-organisms on rooting ability of
pomegranate cutting
Kumar et al., 2001
45
Case study -5
Dept. Of Horticulture
University of Agriculture sciences, Dharwad- 580 005

 Sterlized growth media of four micro-organisms, Nitrogen free
bromothymol blue (NFB) broth for Azosprillium lipoferum and
Azosprillium brasilense, waksman No 77 broth for Azotobacter
sp. and potato dextrose broth for trichoderma harzianum were
inoculated with respective culture and keept for incubation in
BOD for 25 days at 30 0
C.
 Growth regulator solutions of IBA (200ppm) and IAA (200 ppm)
were also prepared.
 Cuttings of pencil thickness having 20 cm length were made
 Treatment: 10 and replications 3
 Design: CRD
46

Table 11. Response of inoculation of different micro-organisms, growth regulators and
growth media on percentage of rooting in pomegranate cultivars Jyothi and
RCR-1
Kumar et al , 2001
47
Treatments Jyothi RCR-1 Mean
1 Azosprillium brasilense 36.47 43.71 40.09
2 Azosprillium lipoferum 23.30 40.02 31.66
3 Azotobacter 24.07 41.95 33.01
4 trichoderma harzianum 56.68 55.67 56.18
5 IBA 200 ppm 33.23 42.21 37.72
6 IAA 200 ppm 30.33 40.687 35.50
7 NFB broth 21.53 36.47 29.00
8 Waksman no 77 broth 17.32 33.08 25.20
9 Potato dextrose broth 13.53 20.27 16.90
10 Control 21.09 16.76 18.93
Mean 27.76 37.08 32.42

growth media on number of primary roots per cuttings in pomegranate
cultivars Jyothi and RCR-1
48
Kumar et al , 2001
3 Azotobacter 16.33 22.33 19.33
4 trichoderma harzianum 30.67 39.33 35.00
5 IBA 200 ppm 25.33 24.00 24.67
6 IAA 200 ppm 25.33 23.67 24.50
7 NFB broth 13.33 19.67 16.50
8 Waksman no 77 broth 7.67 15.67 11.67
10 Control 6.33 7.33 6.83
Mean 19.07 22.97 21.02

growth media on length of longest primary root(cm) cuttings in
pomegranate cultivars Jyothi and RCR-1
49
Kumar et al , 2001
3 Azotobacter 13.27 15.73 14.50
4 Trichoderma harzianum 23.13 17.83 20.48
5 IBA 200 ppm 20.57 16.47 18.52
6 IAA 200 ppm 20.20 17.00 18.60
7 NFB broth 10.50 11.77 11.13
8 Waksman no 77 broth 7.67 13.10 10.38
10 Control 6.63 10.57 8.65
Mean 13.76 14.58 14.17

growth media on survival of rooted cuttings (per cent) 90 days of planting
50
Kumar et al , 2001
3 Azotobacter 57.23 81.30 69.28
4 Trichoderma harzianum 66.27 87.26 76.77
5 IBA 200 ppm 55.60 78.03 66.82
6 IAA 200 ppm 58.17 66.93 62.55
7 NFB broth 46.10 63.47 54.78
8 Waksman no 77 broth 33.90 50.10 42.00
10 Control 32.63 35.50 34.07
Mean 51.04 66.87 58.96
• The application of micro-organisms and the overall biological
effects of beneficial micro-organisms on pomegranate are much
superior over IBA
• In addition to this the cost of chemical growth regulators and their
hazardous effects on cuttings can be eliminated to a greater extent
with the aid of micro-organisms.

Proc. IInd IS on Pomegranate and Minor, including
Mediterranean Fruits (ISPMMF - 2009)
Eds.: M.K. Sheikh et al.
Acta Hort. 890, ISHS 2011
Influence of planting time and IBA on rooting and growth of
pomegranate (Punica granatum l.) ‘Ganesh’ cuttings
Singh et al., 2011
51
Case study – 6
Department of Horticulture
Faculty of Agriculture,Khalsa College
Amritsar (Punjab) India

MATERIALAND METHODS
• Uniform sized (20 cm)hardwood cuttings were taken on one day
prior to plantation, after treating these with IBA 50, 100 and 200
ppm (slow dip (s.d.) for 24 h).
• IBA 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm (quick dip (q.d.) for 15 s).
• The cuttings under control were dipped in distilled water.
• the cuttings were planted in the well prepared beds on 15 December
and 15 January.
• The observations on sprouting percentage, rooting success, number
of roots per cutting, root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot
girth were recorded after 5 months of planting of cuttings.
52

Table 15: Effect of planting time and IBA on sprouting (%) and survival (%) of
pomegranate ‘Ganesh’ cuttings.
Treatment
Sprouting (%) Survival (%)
Planting time Planting time
15 Dec 15 Jan Mean 15 Dec 15 Jan Mean
IBA 50 ppm 80.67 94.33 87.50 65.27 75.31 70.29
IBA 100 ppm 84.27 97.59 90.93 70.14 84.09 77.11
IBA 200 ppm 81.32 91.62 86.47 67.19 72.24 69.71
IBA 1000 ppm 68.63 94.32 81.47 63.79 71.52 67.65
IBA 1500 ppm 77.32 92.47 84.89 61.19 73.26 67.22
IBA 2000 ppm 83.62 98.31 90.96 72.61 86.33 79.47
Control 43.37 51.27 47.32 31.91 37.83 34.87
Mean 74.17 88.56 61.73 71.55
53
(Singh et al., 2011)

Fig. 2. Effect of time of planting and IBA on (a) number of roots; (b) length of the longest
roots; (c) root weight..
54(Singh et al., 2011)

Fig. 3. Effect of time of planting and IBA on plant height (a) and stem girth (b)
.
55
(Singh et al., 2011)
• IBA 100 and 2000 ppm were found to be most efficacious
in encouraging rooting and invigorating shoot growth.
• The cuttings treated with IBA 100 ppm (slow dip) and
2000 ppm (quick dip) planted in the month of January
exerted positive effect with regard to sprouting
percentage, rooting percentage, number of roots per
cutting, longest root, root weight, plant height and shoot
girth.

Overall Conclusion
56
 The most effect on rooting percentage and root numbers was obtained on 5
Jan and 4 Feb in vermiculite and 19 Feb in vermiculite + sand respectively
 Three bud cuttings with minimum height are suitable for propagation as
they produce maximum root length in sand
 Best performance of the rooted cuttings were found in the medium
containing Soil+FYM (80:20) and Soil+Sand (50:50)
 Different combinations of biofertilizers and growth regulators, were found
significantly superior on rooting and vegetative parameter under treatment
combination of PSB + 2000 ppm IBA
 The application of micro-organisms and the overall biological effects of
beneficial micro-organisms on pomegranate are much superior over IBA
 IBA 100 and 2000 ppm were found to be most efficacious in encouraging
rooting and invigorating shoot growth.

Best Media and Time for Pomegranate Cuttings

Best Media and Time for Pomegranate Cuttings

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Best Media and Time for Pomegranate Cuttings

Similar to Best Media and Time for Pomegranate Cuttings (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Best Media and Time for Pomegranate Cuttings