This document summarizes a seminar presentation on nanogels for drug delivery. It discusses various types of nanogels such as chitosan-polylactic acid nanogels for encapsulating rifampicin. It also describes a study where rifampicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were incorporated into mannitol microspheres to enhance macrophage uptake and lung delivery. Overall, the presentation evaluates nanogels as a promising drug delivery system and discusses their ability to provide sustained and targeted drug release.

1. Guided by:
Dr. K.N. Gujar
M.Pharm, Ph.D
Co-guided by:
DR. M.S. GAMBHIRE
M. Pharm, Ph.D
Presented by:
Mr. Aniket A. Vaidya
M. Pharm 1st sem.
Pharmaceutics
Roll no. 522
Sinhgad College Of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (BK),
Pune-41
A seminar on
Date of seminar: 29 OCT. 2015
1
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Aniket A. Vaidya

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Introduction:
Tuberculosis is an airborne disease
caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) .
mycobacterial species :
(M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, M. caprae, M.
pinnipedii, M. canetti and M. mungi) together
comprise what is known as the M. tuberculosis
complex.
M. tuberculosis organisms are also called tubercle
bacilli.Jung Kwon Oha et al , The development of microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications, Progress In Polymer Science 33 (2008)
448–477
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis

3. Types of Tuberculosis
Ganga Srinivas et al.” Polymer Based Microgels/Nanogels: Development and Application In Drug Delivery” Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2014; 4(1)
ISSN: 2249-3387
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 .
Symptoms and Sings of Tuberculosis
Ganga Srinivas et al.” Polymer Based Microgels/Nanogels: Development and Application In Drug Delivery”
American Journal of Pharma Tech .Research. 2014; 4(1) ISSN: 2249-3387

5. Pathogenesis of TB
Jung Kwon Oha et al , The development of microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications, Prog. Polym. Sci. 33 (2008) 448–477
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Nanotechnology is the study of extremely small structures, having size of 0.1 to 10

9. Routes and mechanisms of particle
transport across epithelia
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10. Nanoparticle transport
Jung Kwon Oha, Ray Drumright et al , “The development of microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications”, Progress in Polymer
Science. 33 (2008) 448–477.
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11. Objective
Jung Kwon Oha, Ray Drumright et al , “The development of microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications”, Progress in
Polymer Science. 33 (2008) 448–477.
Fig:Reverse micellar method for the preparation of
nanogels.
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12. Jung Kwon Oha, Ray Drumright et al , “The development of microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications”, Progress in
Polymer Science. 33 (2008) 448–477.
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Encapsulation of ATDs into multifunctional polymeric
nanoparticles.

13. Encapsulation of all four drugs
Sanjida Sharmin et al, “ An Overview of Nanogel Drug Delivery System”. Journal of Applied pharmaceutical science vol.3
september 2013.
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PLGA Nanocapsule
Encapsulation of pre-formed drug-loaded micelle-like containers

14. 1. Drug loading:
a. Post formation loading
b . In situ loading
2. Covalent conjugation
3. Self assembly
Ganga Srinivas et al.” Polymer Based Microgels/Nanogels: Development and Application In Drug Delivery” American Journal of
Pharma Tech .Research. 2014; 4(1) ISSN: 2249-3387
4/17/2016Aniket A. Vaidya14

15. • Biocompatibility and degradability
• Swelling property
• Higher drug loading capacity
• Particle size
• Solubility
• Electromobility
• Colloidal stability
• Others
Sanjida Sharmin et al, “ An Overview of Nanogel Drug Delivery System”. Journal of Applied pharmaceutical science vol.3
september 2013.
4/17/2016Aniket A. Vaidya15

16. CASE STUDY : 1
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17.  Chitosan
 Polylacticacid
 Dichloromethane
 Polyethylene glycol
 Gelatin
 Poly(ethylene
oxide)
 Phosphate buffer
saline
 Rifampicin
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 Preparation of CS-PLA
nanoparticles
 Preparation of Rifampicin
loaded CS-PLA
nanoparticles

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Aq. Solution of drug + polymer solution
w/o emulsion poured into 10ml of 1% acetic acid
solution contain 60mg of CS & 200mg of PEO
Add water , nanoparticles ppt then cooled at 10oC
Mixture sonicate for 60 min Form emulsion
Nanoparticles evaoporated by rotary evaporator
Then the above mentioned procedure was followed and added PEG
and gelatin.

19. The prepared nanoparticles were named as
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 chitosan–polylactic acid encapsulated rifampicin
(CS–PLA–RIF),
 chitosan–polylactic acid–polyethyleneglycol
encapsulated rifampicin (CS–PLA–RIF–PEG)
 and chitosan–polylactic acid–polyethylene
glycol–gelatin encapsulated rifampicin (CS–PLA–
RIF–PEG–G).

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Fig.The zeta pontential values of CS–PLA–RIF, CS–PLA–RIF–PEG,CS–PLA–
RIF–PEG–G with various concentrations.
Particle size and zeta potential of the prepared nanoparticles

21. Surface morphology
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Fig. 2. SEM images of rifampicin (a), CS–PLA–RIF (b), CS–PLA–RIF–
PEG (c) and CS–PLA–RIF–PEG–G (d).

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Fig. 3. FTIR spectra of CS–PLA–RIF, CS–PLA–RIF–PEG and
CS–PLA–RIF–PEG–G (a),and 10–50% of RIF encapsulated
CS–PLA–RIF–PEG–G (b).

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Fig. 4. In vitro analysis of rifampicin prepared nanoparticles.

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.
Cell inhibition studies
The relative cell viability of RIF, CS–PLA–RIF, CS–PLA–RIF–
PEG and CS–PLA–RIF–PEG–G nanoparticles

25.  In this study, the effectiveness of SLN gel for dermal
delivery of MLX was investigated.
 They seemed appropriate for sustained and controlled
release due to the possible formation of a drug depot in the
skin. Thus,
 It can be concluded that SLNs offer a better option for the
delivery of NSAIDs via skin in order to avoid
gastrointestinal side effects which occur after oral
administration.
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26. CASE STUDY : 2
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27.  Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)
(lactic acid:glycolic acid ratio=75:25)
 Nanoparticles-containing mannitol (MAN)
 Rifampicin (RFP)
 Rat normal alveolar macrophage cells
 Coumarin 6
 Indomycin green (ICG)
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28.  Preparation of RFP-PLGA nanoparticle-containing MAN
microshperes using a four-fluid nozzle spray drier
 Preparation of RFP-PLGA microspheres using a
traditional two-fluid spray drier
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29. Preparation of RFP–PLGA nanoparticles-containing MAN
microspheres using a four-fluid nozzle spray drier (model MDL-050)
RFP:PLGA (1:10)
dissolved at 1.67%
(w/v) in a 2:1 solution
of acetone/methanol
MAN
dissolved
In water at 16.7%
(w/v)
RFP–
PLGA:MAN
composition
ratio
of 1:10 (w/w)
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The RFP/MAN micro particles were prepared in the same
manner
Spray drying
conditions:
inlet temperature, 60
°C; supply rate for
coumarin–PLGA or
MAN
solutions, 5 mL/min;
spray rate for air, 30
L/min; spray air
pressure,
0.78 MPa.

30. Schematic diagram of the four-fluid nozzle
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31. Preparation of RFP–PLGA microspheres using a traditional two-
fluid
spray drier (Pulvis mini-spray GB22)
RFP:PLGA ratio
was 1:10
RFP and PLGA were
dissolved at 4.4%
(w/v) in a 2:1 solution of
acetone/methanol
Water was added at 5%
v/v in the spray solution
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Spray drying conditions:
inlet temperature, 50 °C;
supply rate for
solution,5mL/min;
spray air pressure, 0.29
MPa

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Fig. 1 SEM photographs and images of the RFP/PLGA microspheres, the
(RFP/PLGA)/MAN microspheres, and the RFP/PLGA nanoparticles
dispersed in MAN.

33. Fig. 2. In vitro uptake percentage of
coumarin by alveolar macrophage cells
after
administration of the coumarin/PLGA
microspheres and the
(coumarin/PLGA)/MAN
microspheres. Dose: 1 μg of
coumarin/well. Each point represents the
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Fig. 3. Aerosol performances of
RFP/PLGA microspheres and
(RFP/PLGA)/MAN microspheres.
Each point represents the mean±S.D.
(n=3).
□, RFP/PLGA microspheres;
■, (RFP/PLGA)/MAN microspheres

34. Fig. 5. In vivo uptake of RFP by alveolar
macrophages in lungs of rats after
administration
of RFP/MAN,
RFP/PLGA,and(RFP/PLGA)/MAN
microspheres. Dose: 150 μg/kg of RFP.
Each point represents the mean±S.E.
(n=6).
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Fig 6 In vivo fluorescent images of lungs
of rats after administration of ICG/PLGA
and (ICG/PLGA)/MAN microspheres

35.  pH responsive chitin-PCL CNGs were developed and a hydrophilic drug,
Dox. was effectively loaded on to the Chitin-PCLCNGs
 DTA confirmed the thermal stability of Dox-Chitin-PCL CNGs. swelling
and drug release at acidic pH.
 In addition the Dox-Chitin-PCL CNGs shows significant cytotoxic effects
against A549 (lung cancer) cells. These studies prove the potential of
Chitin-PCL CNGs as a promising drug delivery vehicle for lung cancer.
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Aniket A. Vaidya
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 Nanogels are promising and innovative drug delivery system .
 Nanogels appear to be excellent candidates for brain delivery
.This will be especially important for the targeting of cancer
cells.

37. 1. Jung Kwon Oha, Ray Drumright et al , “The development of
microgels/nanogels for drug delivery applications”, Progress in Polymer
Science. 33 (2008) 448–477.
2. Sanjida Sharmin et al, “ An Overview of Nanogel Drug Delivery System”.
Journal of Applied pharmaceutical science vol.3 september 2013.
3. L.Divya1, V. Ravichandiran et al , “Nanogels – as A Drug Delivery
Carrier” , Indo American journal of pharmaceutical research.
4. Reuben T. Chacko, Judy Ventura et al, “Polymer nanogels: A versatile
nanoscopic drug delivery platform” , Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 64
(2012) 836–851.
5. Reuben T. Chacko, Judy Ventura, Jiaming Zhuang, S. Thayumanavan ,
“Polymer nanogels: A versatile nanoscopic drug delivery platform”,
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 64 (2012) 836–851.
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38. 6. Dhawal dorwal , “Nanogels as novel versatile pharmaceuticals” ,
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN-
0975-1491 Vol 4, Issue 3, 2012
7. Ganga Srinivas, Pooja Ramnathkar, “Polymer Based Microgels/Nanogels:
Development and Application In Drug Delivery”, Am. J. PharmTech Res.
2014; 4(1) ISSN: 2249-3387.
8. Farhana Sultana S. Khuranaa, P.M.S. Bedia, N.K. Jainb, “Preparation and
evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles based nanogel for dermal delivery of
meloxicam”, Chemistry and Physics of Lipids (2013).
9. T.R. Arunraj, N. Sanoj Rejinold, N. Ashwin Kumar, R. Jayakumar, “
Doxorubicin-chitin-poly (caprolactone) composite nanogel for drug
delivery’’ ,International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 62 (2013)
35– 43.
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