The document discusses different types of waste including solid waste, liquid waste, household waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste, and more. It defines waste and provides classifications of waste according to properties, effects on health and environment, and origin/type. The types of household solid waste are described. Solutions for managing waste are also presented, including reducing waste through reducing, reusing, and recycling. Integrated waste management is discussed as a strategy incorporating various collection, disposal and treatment methods including composting, waste-to-energy incineration, and others.

1. Waste

2. Presented by
Amita Gautam
FMPE (PhD)
Generation of by-product , agricultural
and agro industrial waste, storage and
processing

3. What are Wastes?
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk, litter, and
ort) is unwanted or useless materials.
United Nations Statistics Division (U.N.S.D.):
"Wastes are materials that are not prime products for which the
generator has no further use in terms of there own purposes of
production, consumption, and of which they wants to dispose.
Wastes may be generated during the extraction of raw materials, the
processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the
consumption of final products, and other human activities. Residuals
recycled or reused at the place of generation are excluded."

4. Types of Waste
Solid Waste
Household Commercial
Solid Waste from
1. Institutions
2. Industries
3. Hotels
4. Markets
5. Slaughter
houses….etc
 According to there phase : 1) Solid Waste 2) Liquid Waste

5. Types of Household Solid Waste
Household Solid Waste
Food waste Animal waste
• Food waste: Kitchen and left over
• Animal waste: Excreta and residual animal feed
• Recyclables: Paper, glass, plastic
• Non-recyclables: Tetra pack, thermocol
• Biomedical waste: Expired medicines
• Hazardous waste: Used batteries, bulbs
Recyclables Street
Sweeping
Non
recyclables
Biomedical &
Hazardous waste
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds,
manufacturing industries and other sources

6. Classification of Wastes
A. Wastes according to their
Properties
 Bio-degradable:- can be degraded
(paper, wood, fruits and others)
 Non-biodegradable:- cannot be
degraded (plastics, bottles, old
machines, cans, containers and others)
B. Effects on Human Health and the
Environment
 Hazardous wastes:- Substances unsafe
to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and
have any of the following properties-
ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity &
toxicity.
 Non-hazardous :- Substances safe to
use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and do
not have any of those properties
mentioned above. These substances
usually create disposal problems.

7. Fig. 21-2, p. 562
Harmful Chemicals Are in Home
Cleaning Gardening
Disinfectants Pesticides
Drain, toilet, and
window cleaners
Weed killers
Ant and rodent killers
Spot removers Flea powders
Septic tank cleaners
Paint Products
Paints, stains,
varnishes, and
lacquers
Paint thinners,
solvents, and
strippers
Wood preservatives
Automotive
Artist paints and inks
Gasoline
Used motor oil
General Antifreeze
Dry-cell batteries
(mercury and
cadmium)
Battery acid
Brake and
transmission fluid
Glues and cements

8. Classification of wastes according to their
origin and type
 Municipal Solid wastes: Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish,
construction & demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials, trade refuges
etc. are managed by any municipality.
 Bio-medical wastes: Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or end
products generated during diagnosis, treatment & research activities of medical sciences.
 Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing &
processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary
& paper etc.
 Agricultural wastes: Wastes generated from farming activities. These substances are
mostly biodegradable.
 Fishery wastes: Wastes generated due to fishery activities. These are extensively found
in coastal & estuarine areas.
 Radioactive wastes: Waste containing radioactive materials. Usually these are
byproducts of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved in
nuclear activities, may also produce some radioactive wastes, e.g. radio-isotopes,
chemical sludge etc.
 E-wastes: Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They may be
described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap
components, such as CRTs, may contain contaminants such as Pb, Cd, Be or brominated
flame retardants.

9. Some view of wastes in different places

10. We Can Cut Solid Wastes by Reducing,
Reusing, and Recycling
 Waste reduction is based on
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle
 Some strategies:
 Redesign manufacturing processes and
products to use less material and
energy, less waste and pollution
 Develop products that are easy to repair,
reuse, remanufacture, compost, or recycle
 Eliminate or reduce unnecessary
packaging
 Use fee-per-bag waste collection systems

11. Steps to reduced waste
Waste
Minimizing solid waste
 Minimizing packaging
 Recycleable
Paper, plastics,
metals, glass, wood
 Reusable ?
Textiles, leather,
rubber, metals, wood
 Compostable
Yard trimmings, food
scraps (vegetable)

12. • Household dust,
sweepings
• Coconut shells
• Tender coconut
• Old Brooms
• Sponge & Dusters
• Crayons
• Wood, Furniture
• Rubber, Cloth
• Rexin
• Discarded Footwear
• Leather, Thermocol
• Household dust,
sweepings
• Coconut shells
• Tender coconut
• Old Brooms
• Sponge & Dusters
• Crayons
• Wood, Furniture
• Rubber, Cloth
• Rexin
• Discarded Footwear
• Leather, Thermocol
• Emptied Tin Cans (coke, beer
etc.)
• Emptied Tinned food cans
• Emptied Tin Cans (coke, beer
etc.)
• Emptied Tinned food cans
• Pizza and Food Boxes
• Junk Mail, Tickets
• Pamphlets, Bills
• Rinsed Paper Cups and
Plates
• Empty Cartons
• Cardboards, Bubble wrap
• Computer Printouts
• Empty Paper Packets
• Paper Gift Wrapping
• Broken Plastic Toys
• Empty Plastic Medicine
Bottles
• Cartons ( used for
Packaging )
• Metal
• Pizza and Food Boxes
• Junk Mail, Tickets
• Pamphlets, Bills
• Rinsed Paper Cups and
Plates
• Empty Cartons
• Cardboards, Bubble wrap
• Computer Printouts
• Empty Paper Packets
• Paper Gift Wrapping
• Broken Plastic Toys
• Empty Plastic Medicine
Bottles
• Cartons ( used for
Packaging )
• Metal
• Washed Milk Covers
• Plastic Bags, Gift Wraps
• Chips and Toffee
Wrappers
• Plastic Bottles (Shampoo,
Floor Cleaners,
Toothpaste etc.)
• Rinsed Plastic Plates &
Cups
• Empty Tetra pack
Containers
• Aluminum Foil
• Empty Metal Spray Cans
• Shaving Brushes
• Metal Bottle Caps
• Broken Household Metal
• Washed Milk Covers
• Plastic Bags, Gift Wraps
• Chips and Toffee
Wrappers
• Plastic Bottles (Shampoo,
Floor Cleaners,
Toothpaste etc.)
• Rinsed Plastic Plates &
Cups
• Empty Tetra pack
Containers
• Aluminum Foil
• Empty Metal Spray Cans
• Shaving Brushes
• Metal Bottle Caps
• Broken Household Metal
• Unbroken Emptied
Bottles (Beer, sauce &
jam bottles, medicine
bottles, glass jars etc.)
• Unbroken Emptied
Bottles (Beer, sauce &
jam bottles, medicine
bottles, glass jars etc.)
• Veg & Fruit Peels
• Tea Leaves
• Egg Shells
• Leftover Food (Veg
& Non Veg)
• Coffee Powder
• Dry Flowers,
Seeds
• Small Quantity of
dry leaves
• Veg & Fruit Peels
• Tea Leaves
• Egg Shells
• Leftover Food (Veg
& Non Veg)
• Coffee Powder
• Dry Flowers,
Seeds
• Small Quantity of
dry leaves
• Batteries & Wires, button cells
• CFL bulbs, Expired cards with
chips
• CD/ DVD/ Floppy & Tapes
• Broken Electronic Toys
• Bulbs & Tube lights
• Chargers & Adapters
• Printer Cartridges
• Computer and mobile parts
• Other household electronic
Items
• Batteries & Wires, button cells
• CFL bulbs, Expired cards with
chips
• CD/ DVD/ Floppy & Tapes
• Broken Electronic Toys
• Bulbs & Tube lights
• Chargers & Adapters
• Printer Cartridges
• Computer and mobile parts
• Other household electronic
Items
Recyclable Dry Waste
(ITC/RECYCLER)
(Glass Bottles & Tin Cans)
Disposal: In closed
marked bins, to be
kept at DOORSTEP
ONLY
Pickup: Daily
Disposal: In closed
marked bins, to be
kept at DOORSTEP
ONLY
Pickup: Daily
Pickup: Weekly OncePickup: Weekly Once
Disposal: Individuals to
dispose in designated bins
Disposal: Individuals to
dispose in designated bins
Electronic WasteElectronic Waste
Household Hazardous
Waste (HHW)
Household Hazardous
Waste (HHW)
Disposal: In closed
marked bins, to be
kept at DOORSTEP
ONLY
Pickup: Daily
Disposal: In closed
marked bins, to be
kept at DOORSTEP
ONLY
Pickup: Daily
Rejects
(Red Bucket)
Rejects
(Red Bucket)
SANITARY WASTE
(To be suitably
wrapped in paper and
marked “X”)
• Sanitary pads,
• Disposable diapers
• Menstrual cloths
• Bandages
• Ear buds, Hair
•Used Cotton
• Any material
contaminated with
blood and the like.
Recyclable Dry WasteRecyclable Dry WasteWet Waste
(Daily Collection)
Wet Waste
(Daily Collection)
• Cleaning agents, Mosquito
Repellants mats, spray cans
• Paints
• Oils (other than cooking oil)
• Solvents & their containers
• Discarded Medicines/
Syringes/Thermometers
• Chemical Cosmetics
• Razors
• Insecticides & their containers
• Unused/ Expired Metal Spray
Cans
• Air Fresheners
• Cleaning agents, Mosquito
Repellants mats, spray cans
• Paints
• Oils (other than cooking oil)
• Solvents & their containers
• Discarded Medicines/
Syringes/Thermometers
• Chemical Cosmetics
• Razors
• Insecticides & their containers
• Unused/ Expired Metal Spray
Cans
• Air Fresheners

13. Integrated Waste Management

14. Integrated Waste Management: Priorities
for Dealing with Solid Waste

15. Some Solutions to Manage waste
Backyard Composter Drum: Bacteria Convert Kitchen Waste
into Compost

16. Solutions: A Waste-to-Energy Incinerator
with Pollution Controls

17. Thank you