disorder of hematopoietic system

1. Disorder of Haemopoitic
System

2. The Red Cell Disorders

3. The Erythron
 Circulating cells, their nucleated
precursors, and all elements involved in
the control of erythroid proliferation

4. Erythrocyte Physiology
 Specialized to carry out gas transport and is devoid of
nuclei, mitochondria, and ribosomes
 Membrane surrounded heme + globin + protective
enzymes
 Derive energy by glycolytic pathway
 Erythropoietin
 Transferrin and iron
 Cerulospasmin facilitates iron transport
 Ferritin
 Hemosiderin
 Reticuloctes

6. Anemia
 Increase in the rate of destruction or loss
 Decrease in the production

7. Etiological Classification
 Hemorrhagic
 Hemolytic
 Deficiency
 Aplastic

8. Hemorrhagic Anemia
 Anemia resulting directly by the loss of blood
 Iron stores are depleted
Occurs in
 Parasitic diseases
 Severe flea infestations
 Chronic immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in
dogs
 Gastrointestinal neoplasms
 Bleeding intestinal carcinomas and
lymphosarcomas

9. Hemolytic Anemia
 Immune mediated
 Primary idiopathic (change in the antigenecity or defect in self
recognition)
 Secondary – drug or virus
 Isoimmune hemolytic anemia
 Infectious
 Equine infectious anemia – macrophage-monocyte system –
erythrophagocytosis by C3
 Prtozoan parasites –Babesiosis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis,
eperythrozoonosis, hemobartonellosis, ehrilchiosis, trypanosomiasis
 Physical and chemical agents – onions, rape or kale, phenothizine in
horses, and methylene blue in cats, glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase deficiency in humans, copper poisoning, cold
hemoglobinurea, postpartutient hemoglobinurea (ATP def.)
 Mechanical damage to RBCs

10. Anemia of deficient hemoglobin
production
 Iron deficiency
 Impaired absorption
 Excessive loss
 Copper deficiency – cytochrome oxidases
 Cobalt deficiency – Vit. B12 – acetic, butyric, and
propionic acid  succinic acid (methylmalonyl-CoA
mutase containing Vit B12)
 Megaloblastic anemia – folic acid deficiency – part
of thymidylate synthase for synthesis of DNA
 Anemia of chronic disorders
 Anemia of malnutrition
 Deficiency of vitamin B6 – required for the synthesis
of delta-aminolevulinic acid which forms pyrol ring
and ultimately protoporphyrin – prevents iron
utilization

11. Anemia of Deficient Cell Production
 Aplastic Pancytopenia – most common in dogs
and cats
 Infectious – canine and feline parvoviruses and
feline leukemia virus
 Toxic agents – phenylbutazone,
chloramphenicol, furazolidone, Bracken fern
poisoning
 Myelophthistic anemia
 Uremia
 Pituitary dysfunction, hypothyroidism,

12. Disorders of Hemoglobin
 Hereditary disorders of Heme synthesis –
pophyrias
 Methemoglobinemia - ferrous to ferric
form – nitrate and nitrite poisoning
 In ruminants – nitrate to nitrite and then to
ammonia
 Poor nutrition and high forage content leads
to poisoning

13. Morphological classification of
Anemia
 MCHC=Hb / PCV
 MCV=PCV/TEC
 MHC=Hb / TEC

14. Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
Macrocytic Hypochromic
anemia/ Megaloblastic
Anemia
Normocytic Hypochromic
anemia
Normocytic Normochromic
anemia etc…

15. WBC
 Leukocytosis
 Leukopenia
 Neutrophilia
 Neutropenia
 Eosinophil
 Basphil
 Lymphocyte
 Monocytes

16. Bovine lymphoma
 Occure in Two forms
(a) Enzootic bovine leukosis(EBL) or
Adult form of lymphoma .It is caused by bovine leukumia virus (BLV)
(b) Sporadic form . This is rare
Adult bovine lymphoma
 A febrile disease
 Wide spread lymphadenopathy ,bilateral
 Frequent envolvement of heart ,abomasum ,intestine
Diagnosis
 significant lymphocytosis for several weeks
 Lymphocyte normal in morphology

17. Bovine Lymphoma

18. Neoplastic growths in the intestine

19. – Common causes
Splenomegaly : Enlargement of spleen
Hypersplenism :Spleen is over active in cell
destruction .It may not be enlarged

20. Splenomegaly –Common Causes
Cattle and Sheep Horse Dogs and
Cats
Anthrax
Salmonellosis
Lymphoma ,leukemia
Babesiosis
Venous congestion
Equine
infectious
anemia
Lymphoma,
Leukemia
Salmoneloosis
Anthrax
Barbiturates
Lymphoma,
Leukemia
Histoplasmosi
s Amyloidosis
Leishmaniosis
Mast cell
tumor

21. Caseous lymphadenitis
 It is chronic suppurative infection of lymph
nodes . Cause by Corynebacterium
Pseudotuberculosis .This disease occur in
all animals but is more common in sheep
and goat .
 In the goat lymph node of head and neck
are usually involved . In sheep it is usually
a wound infection which occur following
wound infection .

22. Caseous lymphadenitis in Goat

23. Caseous lymphadenitis in Goat

24. Caseous lymphadenitis in Sheep

25.  It is acute Septicemia ,highly pathogenic
disease caused by gram positive ,spore
forming ,bacillary organism .Dog and cats
are relatively resistant .The vegetative
form survive in the open for a short time
but the spores are highly resistant and can
survive for 50 years.

26. Anthrax bacilli (Toluidine blue stain )