2. Definition
• Practice of controlling the number of children one has &
interval between their births, particularly by means of
contraception or voluntary sterilization.
3. Purpose of family
planning
• Protection from un-wanted pregnancies
• Birth-spacing
• Better Health of mother
• Prevention from STD & breast or cervical cancer.
4. Benefits of Family
Planning
• Healthy mother produce healthy children.
• Give enough time & opportunity to provide attention to
her family.
• Enables to give basic needs.
• Lightens the burden & responsibility in supporting family.
5. Criteria for ideal
contraceptive
• Safe for use means free from any side effects
• Reliable
• Easy to administer
• Cost-effective
• Culturally feasible and acceptable
6. Methods Of
Contraception
• Long acting reversible contraception such as Implant or
an Intra-uterine device(IUD)
• Hormonal Contraception such as pills, injection & vaginal
rings
• Barrier Methods such as Condoms & Diaphragms
• Fertility Awareness
• Emergency Contraception.
• Permanent contraception such as vasectomy or tubal
ligation
7. Fertility Awareness
• Also called natural family planning, fertility awareness
means avoiding sex when the woman is most fertile.
• The most reliable way to do this is to watch for changes
in cervical mucus and body temperature. To use this
method correctly, it's best to get training from a health
care professional.
• Pros: No drugs or devices, inexpensive.
• Cons: 25% of typical users get pregnant.
8. Spermicide
• Spermicide contains a chemical that kills sperm. It
comes in the form of foam, jelly, cream, or film that is
placed inside the vagina before sex.
• Frequent use may cause tissue irritation, increasing the
risk of infections and STDs.
• Spermicides are most often used along with other birth
control methods.
• Pros: Easy to use, inexpensive .
• Cons: May increase the risk of STDs, 29% get pregnant.
9. Male Condom
• The latex condom is the classic barrier method. It
prevents sperm from entering the woman's body,
protecting against pregnancy and STDs.
• Pros: Widely available, protects against STDs,
inexpensive .
• Cons: Only effective if used correctly every time. Can't
be reused.
10. Female Condom
• Female Condom
• The female condom is a thin plastic pouch that lines the
vagina and can be put in place up to 8 hours before sex.
It's somewhat less effective than the male condom.
• Pros: Widely available, some protection against STDs.
• Cons: 21% of users get pregnant, not reusable.
11.
12. Diagphram
• The diaphragm is a rubber dome that is placed over the
cervix . It is used with a spermicide.
• Pros: Inexpensive.
• Cons: Must be fitted by a doctor,
• no STD protection.
13.
14. Cervical Cap
• A cervical cap is similar to a diaphragm, but smaller. The
FemCap slips into place over the cervix, blocking entry
into the uterus. It is used with spermicide.
• Pros: Can stay in place for 48 hours, inexpensive.
• Cons: Must be fitted by a doctor, no protection
15.
16. Birth Control Sponge
• The birth control sponge is made of foam and contains
spermicide. It is placed against the cervix up to 24 hours
before sex. The sponge is about as effective as the
cervical cap. But unlike the diaphragm or cervical cap,
no fitting by a doctor is required.
• Pros: No prescription, effective immediately.
• Cons: Difficult to insert correctly, no STD protection.
Can't be used during your period.
17. Birth Control Pill
• The most common type of birth control pill uses the hormones
estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation. When taken on
schedule, the pill is highly effective. About 8% of typical users
get pregnant, including those who miss doses.
• Like all hormonal contraceptives, the pill requires a
prescription.
• Pros: More regular, lighter periods, or no periods, depending
on the type of pill.
• Cons: Costly, no STD protection. May cause side effects,
including breast tenderness, spotting, serious blood clots, and
raised blood pressure. Some women should not use birth
control pills.
•
18. Birth Control Patch
The patch is worn on the skin and changed only once a
week for three weeks with a fourth week that is patch-free.
The patch releases the same types of hormones as the
birth control pill and is just as effective.
• Pros: More regular, lighter periods with less cramping,
no need to remember a daily pill.
• Cons: Costly, may cause skin irritation or other side
effects similar to birth control pills. Doesn't protect
against STDs.
19.
20. Vaginal Ring
• Ring is a soft plastic ring that is worn inside the vagina.
The ring releases the same hormones as the pill and
patch and is just as effective.
• But it only needs to be replaced once a month.
• Pros: Lighter, more regular periods, only replaced once
per month.
• Cons: Costly, may cause vaginal irritation or other side
effects similar to pills and the patch. Doesn't protect
against STDs.
21. Birth Control Shot
• The birth control shot, known as Depo-Provera, is a
hormonal injection that protects against pregnancy for
three months. For the typical couple, it is more effective
than the birth control pill -- only 3% of users get pregnant
in a year.
• Pros: Only injected four times per year, highly effective.
• Cons: Costly, may cause spotting and other side effects.
Doesn't protect against STDs.
22.
23. IUD
• IUD stands for intrauterine device, a T-shaped piece of
plastic that is placed inside the uterus by a doctor. The
copper IUD, works for as long as 12 years. The
hormonal IUD, must be replaced after 5 years. Both
types make it more difficult for sperm to fertilize the egg.
Fewer than eight in 1,000 women get pregnant.
• Pros: Long-lasting, low-maintenance.
• Cons: Irregular or heavier periods. More expensive ,
may slip out, may cause side effects.
24.
25. Tubal Ligation
• The traditional method for women is called tubal ligation
or "having your tubes tied." A surgeon closes off the
fallopian tubes, preventing eggs from making their
journey out of the ovaries.
• Pros: Permanent, nearly 100% effective.
• Cons: Requires surgery, may not be reversible,
expensive. Doesn't protect against STDs.
26. Vasectomy
• Besides condoms, a vasectomy is the only birth control
option available to men. It involves surgically closing the
vas deferens – the tubes that carry sperm from the
testes, through the reproductive system. This prevents
the release of sperm but doesn't interfere with
ejaculation.
• Pros: Permanent, cheaper than tubal ligation, almost
100% effective.
• Cons: Requires surgery, not effective immediately, may
not be reversible.
27.
28. Tubal Implant
• A newer procedure makes it possible to block the
fallopian tubes without surgery. Small implants of metal
or silicone are placed inside each tube. Scar tissue
eventually grows around the implants and blocks the
tubes. Once an X-ray confirms the tubes are blocked, no
other form of birth control is needed.
• Pros: Permanent, no surgery, almost 100% effective.
• Cons: Takes a few months to become effective. May
raise the risk of pelvic infections, irreversible, expensive.
29. Emergency Conception
• Emergency contraception works after sex to help avoid
pregnancy. This is an option if no birth control was used
or if a woman suspects her usual method failed. ECP
containing a high dose of a hormone found in many birth
control pills. No prescription is needed for women aged
17 and older. These types must be used within 72 hours.
30. Options for Older
Women
• Age and lifestyle are important factors in choosing a form
of birth control. If you're over age 35 and smoke or are
obese, the combination birth control pill, patch, and ring
are not recommended.
• It's best to consult your doctor about safe alternatives. If
you're approaching the age of menopause, the birth
control shot has an added benefit: It may relieve some of
the symptoms of menopause.
