Artificial Methods of Birth Control Today there are many diverse methods of artificial birth control available on the worldwide market. The most commonly used method still comes in pill form. Methods of Operation Birth control pills have three distinct mechanisms: 1) May Suppress Ovulation: A woman ovulates when her pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, releases hormones that stimulate her ovaries to discharge an ovum (egg). The Combination Pill may interrupt the release of these pituitary hormones, preventing the ovaries from releasing an ovum. Without an ovum available for conception, a woman has been essentially rendered chemically sterile. 2) May Impede Sperm Migration: Before a woman ovulates her cervix produces mucus through which sperm migrate to meet the ovum. The mucus also provides nourishment to sustain the life of the sperm. When a woman is under the influence of progestin the mucus thickens, which impedes sperm migration. 3) May Inhibit Implantation: If the Pill fails to prevent pregnancy with one of the first two actions, the union of the ovum with the sperm (conception) will result in the creation of human life. Five to six days later this new human being will attempt to implant in the endometrium (the lining of the uterus). The progestin component of the combination and mini pill causes the lining of the uterus to be thin, which makes it inhospitable to the newly conceived life. This leads to a chemically-induced miscarriage (abortion). link: https://www.familyplanning.net/en/artificial-methods-birth-control

1. Family
Planning

2. • Artificial family planning
–is the process used to prevent pregnancy
and plan for the birth of children at the
most optimum time. Commonly referred
to as birth control, family planning can be
accomplished using a variety of methods.
• Artificial Family Planning Method
–any unnatural technique that is used to
prevent conception.

3. Artificial Birth
Control Options

4. Barriers
- Barrier methods stop sperm from
entering the vagina.

5. CONDOMS (MALE)
What is it?
How does it
work?
- a thin rubber barrier
- fits over erect penis and
catches sperm when the man
ejaculates
- best used with lubricant
(water based)
- DO NOT USE oil-based
lubricant or some anti thrush
Creams

7. CONDOMS (MALE)
Chance of
getting
pregnant
• typically 15% but 2% if
used perfectly every time

8. CONDOMS (MALE)
Advantages • easy to use, easy to carry
• used only when needed
• helps protect against STIs
• available from Family
Planning clinics and other
health care providers
• can buy from pubs, clubs,
pharmacies and many shops
• cheaper on prescription

9. CONDOMS (MALE)
Disadvantages • some people are allergic to
rubber
• must be put on when penis
is erect and before sexual
intercourse
• some people say it reduces
sexual feeling
• can slip off or break

10. CONDOMS (FEMALE)
What is it?
How does it
work?
• a thin polyurethane barrier
• goes into the vagina and
prevents sperm entering the
woman’s body

12. CONDOMS (FEMALE)
Chance of
getting
pregnant
• typically 21% but 5% if
used perfectly

13. CONDOMS (FEMALE)
Advantages • helps protect against
STIs
• women can use it
• easy to use

14. CONDOMS (FEMALE)
Disadvantages • relatively expensive
• can be noisy
• can get them from the
internet
• need to insert every
time

15. Diaphragm
What is it?
How does it
work?
• dome shaped silicone barrier
fits inside vagina over the
cervix
• used with spermicide jelly
that kills sperm

17. Diaphragm
Chance of
getting
pregnant
• typically 16% but can be
6% if using spermicide
and following instructions
perfectly

18. Diaphragm
Advantages • can be put in several
hours before sexual
intercourse
• used only when needed
• helps protect against
STIs

19. Diaphragm
Disadvantages • first fitting should be by an
experienced nurse or doctor
• some women find it hard
to put in and take out
• spermicide may irritate
vagina or penis
• must be left in place at
least 6 hours after sexual
intercourse

20. Long Acting
Reversible
Contraceptives

21. • Long-acting reversible
contraception (LARC)
–is a contraceptive that lasts for a
long time. You don’t need to
remember it every day or even
every month.

22. Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
What is it?
How does it
work?
• Small device put inside the
womb by a health care
professional.
• Prevents sperm from
fertilizing the egg.
• Thickens mucus in cervix
making it hard for sperm to
enter the womb.

24. Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
Chance of
getting
pregnant
• less than 1%

25. Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
Advantages • can stay in place for 5 years
or more - fit and forget
• doesn’t interfere with sexual
Intercourse
• IUD – lighter periods or no
period at all, suitable for
women with heavy periods

26. Intra Uterine Device (IUD)
Disadvantages • needs to be inserted by an
experienced doctor or nurse
• IUD may cause heavier
periods or cramping
• IUS may cause irregular
bleeding in the first few
months

27. Depo Provera
What is it?
How does it
work?
• an injection of progestogen
• stops ovaries from releasing
an egg each month

29. Depo Provera
Chance of
getting
pregnant
• typically 3% but less than
1% if next injection given
on time

30. Depo Provera
Advantages • one injection lasts 12
weeks
• doesn’t interfere with
sexual intercourse
• usually no periods
• useful for women who
can’t take combined pill

31. Depo Provera
Disadvantages • irregular bleeding, no
periods or occasional heavy
bleeding
• periods and fertility take
an average of 6 months to
return after stopping the
injection
• may have change in weight

32. Contraceptive
Pills & Ring

33. Combined Pill
What is it?
How does it
work?
• pill made of two hormones,
oestrogen and progestogen
• stops ovaries from releasing
an egg each month

35. Combined Pill
Chance of
getting
pregnant
• typically 8% but less
than 1% if used perfectly

36. Combined Pill
Advantages • simple and easy to take
• doesn’t interfere with sexual
intercourse
• periods usually regular,
shorter, lighter and less painful
• less chance of cancer of lining
of the womb or ovaries
• can be taken up to menopause
if a healthy non smoker

37. Combined Pill
Disadvantages • should not be used by
women over 35 who smoke
• must remember to take it
daily
• may have irregular
bleeding

38. Progestogen Pill
What is it?
How does it
work?
• pill made of one hormone –
progestogen
• by thickening mucus in
cervix and may stop ovaries
from releasing an egg each
month

40. Progestogen Pill
Chance of
getting
pregnant
• typically 8% but less
than 1% if used perfectly

41. Progestogen Pill
Advantages • doesn’t interfere with sexual
intercourse
• can be used at any age
• can be used by breast-
feeding women
• useful for women who can’t
take combined pill

42. Progestogen Pill
Disadvantages • may have irregular
bleeding

43. Vaginal Ring
What is it?
How does it
work?
• NuvaRing contains two
hormones, oestrogen and
progestogen
• Sits inside vagina
• Stops ovaries from releasing
an egg each month

45. Vaginal Ring
Chance of
getting
pregnant
• typically 8% but less
than 1% if used perfectly

46. Vaginal Ring
Advantages • Lasts for 3-4 weeks
• Useful for those who forget
pills

47. Vaginal Ring
Disadvantages • Should not be used by
women over 35 who
smoke

48. Permanent
Contraception
- These are operations which make it
impossible for a man or a woman to have any
children.

49. Vasectomy & Tubal Ligation
What is it?
How does it
work?
vasectomy – male tubes cut
to stop the sperm getting to
the penis
tubal ligation – clips put on
female tubes to stop the egg
getting to the uterus

50. Vasectomy & Tubal Ligation
Chance of
getting
pregnant
• less than 1%

51. Vasectomy & Tubal Ligation
Advantages • once only
• permanent

52. Vasectomy & Tubal Ligation
Disadvantages • not easily reversible
• requires an operation
• may have short term side
effects, eg. pain, bruising