The document discusses passive design strategies and systems for a sustainable building including an air-well courtyard for ventilation, rainwater harvesting from the roof, and a greywater system. It also addresses facade materials, orientation for daylighting and wind flow, and compliance with building codes for fire safety including hydrant locations, exit widths, and travel distances. Diagrams show the building plans with occupancy types and passive design features on each floor.

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BUILDING ORIENTATION AIR WELL
The air-well is a suitable passive design strategy to
reduce overheating during daytime and to increase
cooling of building structure during night-time. The
air-well courtyards allows stack ventilation to
happen in the building.
DAYLIGHT
The building is oriented towards the prevailing wind to have more
wind flow into the building. The souther facade is selected as the
main facade to enable maximum wind flow into the building.
SUN PATH WIND FLOW
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Rainwater are collected on the roof drain directly and store at
the rainwater tank. Then, water go through filter tank for
filtration. Once the water is purified, clean water will be pump to
different space for it is can be used for cultivation, gardening, and
other domestic uses.
PREVAILING WIND
HOT AIR
LOW FLOW PLUMBING SYSTEM
The term “low flow” refers to fixtures that use a lesser amount of
water to accomplish everyday activities, such as showering,
washing your hands, or flushing the toilet. In some cases,
low-flow fixtures can reduce water usage by as much as 60
percent over standard fixtures.
GREY WATER SYSTEM
Gray water is defined as untreated wastewater that is not
contaminatedby feces, or unhealthy human waste .Graywater
sources include showers, sinks, bathtubs and
machineswashers. Gray water is collected and filtered, utilized
and transferred to a normal sewage system to be re-use
Rainwaterchanneltorainwatertankbygutter
Rainwaterchanneltorainwatertankbygutter
Rain Water
Grey Water
Filtered Water
R a i n w a t e r
Collection Tank
Filter Tank Pump Room
R a i n w a t e r
Collection
A space of 12000mm x 6000mm intended as a classroom or office is selected for study. 3 doors are added on the side in order to encourage better wind
circulation and cross centilation. Base simulations for illuminance, daylight factor and wind is simulated.
FACADE
VERTICAL ACO FOLDING PANELS.
Vertical aco folding panels is used as facade to allow sun shading and
wind catching. This is to imrpove the thermal comfort of the building
interior.
MATERIALITY
GREEN POCKETS
According to MS2680 (2017),creating a cooler microclimate
around a building can reduce the temperature difference and
maybe achieved though planning by maximising areas
allocated for landscape.
Shading by trees and vegetations can effectively shade and
reduce heat gain through solar filtration at higher level,
shading from sun and create a cooler microclimate for the
building.
Low U-value materials like concrete, timber are
highly used in the building for thermal comfort in the
building.
OVERHANG ROOF
Overhang roof are designed to improves the
sun shading of the interior space
Revit insight simulation on building energy usage has shown that
facade orientation on the south is most energy efficient. Based on
simulations from Formlt, the southern facade received highest solar
radiation during winter solstice month of December
The U-value for Normal Weight
concete is 1.94W/m-K. Therefore,
lightweight concrete were used
as it has lower thermal
conductivity. This means the
amound of hear loss through
Light Weight concrete material are
more compared to normal conrete
material
Merbau timber is selected as
it is local timber from
Malaysia. It is very durable
with good physical
characteriestic.
Low E glass was used to
minimise the amount of
infrared and ultravoilet come
into the window. Low-E glass
windows have a
microscopically thin coating
that is transparent and reflects
heat.
Stainless Steel is used because of
its low EE compared to other steel
material. Recycle steel is used as
handrail and staircase in the
building.
U-VALUE:
0.18
U-VALUE:
1.2
U-VALUE:
1.99

2. PRODUCEDBYANAUTODESKSTUDENTVERSIONFACADE GIMZO ANALYSIS
LIFT LOBBY DESIGN
PURPOSE GROUP
FIRE HYDRANT LOCATION
RUNNING DISTANCE
ESCAPE PROVISION COMPUTATION
Disposal
TNB
Firecontrol
gensett
MSB
Shop
tuorist center
locker room
WC
Shop
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Shop
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SITE PLAN
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Based on Selangor Uniform Building By-Laws 1986 Fifth Schedule, the
Klang Civic Center are under Institutional and Shop purpose groups.
By Law Clause 225: Detecting and extinguishing fire
(1) Every building shall be provided with means of detecting extinguishing fire. and extinguishing fire
and with fire alarms together with illuminated exit signs in accordance with the requirements as specified
in the Tenth Schedule to these By-laws.
(2) Every building shall be served by at least one fire hydrant located not more than 91.5 metres from
the nearest point of fire brigade access.
(3) Depending on the size and location of the building and the provision of access for fire appliances,
additional fire hydrants shall be provided as may be required by the Fire Authority.
There are a existing fire hydrant placed beside the site. Therefore, 1 new fire hydrants with 45m radius
are added on site to achieve full coverage of the building. The hydrant proposed is located not less than
2m from the Klang Civic Center and between 0.61m to 2.4m from the fire appliances access.
By Law Clause 175 : Calculation of occupant load
Calculation of occupancy loads and capacity of exits shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Seventh Schedule
to these By-laws.
By Law Clause 176 : Computing storey exit widths
To compute the required exit width from individual floors of a building-
(a) calculate the floor area net or gross whichever is applicable;
(b) determine the allowable occupancy load factor from Table;
(c) divide the floor area by the number of square metre per person to determine the number of persons for which exits
must be provided for that floor;
(d) determine from the table the capacity of the type of exit to be used for the purpose group being designed; and
(e) calculate the number of units of exit width for each type of exit used based upon the capacity.
By Law Clause 177 : Computing number of staircases and staircase widths.
The following factors shall be used in computing the exit computing widths:
(a) in a multi-storeyed building if x units of exit width are required from each floor the staircases serving those floors do
not need to be x times the number of floors
served in units of exit width. The staircases need be only wide enough to serve each floor but not less than the mini-
mum width allowed and in every case one of the protected staircases shall be assumed to be inaccessible and the
remaining protected staircase shall be of sufficient width and number to accommodate the relevant occupancy;
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Figure above: Location of staircaseFigure above: Minimum of exit width of each floor
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Table above shows the running distance of Institutional and
Shop purpose group
Table above shows the requirement for fire extinguisher and alarm
system
PERIMETER APPLIANCES ACCESS
By Law Clause 140: Fire Appliance access
All buildings in excess of 7000 cubic metres shall abut upon a street or road or open space of not less than 12 metres width and accessible to fire
brigade appliances. The proportion of the building abutting the street, road or open space shall be in accordance with the following scale:
The volume of Klang Civic Center is approximately 31,910 cubic meter.
Therefore, it is under the range of 28,000 to 56,000 cubic meter. Therefore,
at least one forth of the perimeter of the building need be abutting the street,
road or open space.
The perimeter of the building is 247m. Thus, at least 61.75m perimeter of the
building needs to be abutting a road or open space of not less than 12
metres width and accessible to fire brigade appliances.
Table above shows the Building volume and required proportion of perimeter access
By Law Clause 134: Designation of purpose group
For the purpose of this Part every building or compartment shall be regarded
according to its use or intended use as falling within one of the purpose groups
set out in the Fifth Schedule to these By-laws and, where a building is divided
into compartments, used or intended to .be used for different purposes, the
purpose group of each compartment shall be determined separately:
Provided that where the whole or part of a building or compartment, as the case
may be, is used or intended to be used for more than one purpose, only the main
purpose of use of that building or compartment shall be taken into account in
determining into which purpose group it falls.
By Law Clause 165 : Measurement of travel distance to exist.
(3} In the case of "individual rooms which are subject to occupancy
of not more than six persons, the travel distance shall be measured
from the doors of such rooms: Provided that the travel distance from
any point in the room to the room door does not exceed 15 metres.
(4) The maximum travel distances to exits and dead end limits shall
be as specified in the Seventh Schedule of theSe By-laws.
By-law Clause 166: Exits to be accessible at all times.
1) Except as permitted by by-law 167 not less than two separate
exits shall be provided from each storey together with such addition-
al exits as may be necessary
2) The exits shall be sited and the exit access shall be so arranged
that the exits are within the limits of travel distance as specified in
the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws and are readily accessible
at all times.
By-law Clause 167: Storey exits.
1) Except as provided for in by-law 194 every compartment shall be
provided with at least two storey exits located as far as practical
from each other and in no case closer than 4.5 metres and in such
position that the travel distances specified in the Seventh Schedule
to these By-laws are not exceeded.
2) The width of storey exits shall be in accordance with the provi-
sions the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws.
The ground floor of Klang Civic Center is naturally ventilated with an
open plan. Therefore, users can safely exits the building in ground
floor. Thus, no travel distance are measured.
43721mm
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AUDIO ROOM
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