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B. BENTUK AKAR
1. Definisi Bentuk Akar
Bentuk akar adalah akar dari bilangan rasional yang hasilnya merupakan
bilangan irasional.
Bentuk umumnya adalah: √𝑎𝑛
𝑚
= 𝑎
𝑚
𝑛
Contoh: √2, √3, √5
3
, √8, dan sebagainya
2. Menyederhanakan Bentuk akar
Contoh :
a. √32 = √16.2 = √16 √2 = 4 √2
b. √18 = √9.2 = √9 √2 = 3 √2
c. √125 = √25.5 = √25 √5 = 5 √5
3. Operasi Bentuk Akar
Penjumlahan dan pengurangan
Untuk penjumlahan dan pengurangan bentuk akar digunakan rumus:
Contoh :
Sederhanakan bentuk akar berikut ini.
a. 4√5 + 2√5 = (4 + 2)√5 = 6√5
b. 3√6 + √6 − 5√6 = (3 + 1 − 5)√6 = −√6
c. √2 + √5 − √6 = tidak dapat disederhanakan, karena bentuk akarnya
berlainan.
d. √28 − √125 + √63 − √80
= √4.7 − √25.5 + √9.7 − √16.5
= 2√7 − 5√5 + 3√7 − 4√5
= −9√5 + 5√7
Perkalian bentuk akar
Untuk perkalian bentuk akar digunakan rumus:
𝑎√𝑐 + 𝑏√𝑐 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)√𝑐
𝑎√𝑐 − 𝑏√𝑐 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)√𝑐
❖ √𝑎 . √𝑎 = 𝑎
❖ 𝑎. 𝑏 √𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏√𝑐
❖ √𝑎 (√𝑏 ± √𝑐) = √𝑎𝑏 ± √𝑎𝑐
❖ (√𝑎 + √𝑏) (√𝑎 − √𝑏) = 𝑎 − 𝑏
❖ (√𝑎 ± √𝑏) (√𝑎 ± √𝑏) = √𝑎2 ± 2√𝑎𝑏 ± √𝑏2
Contoh :
Sederhanakan bentuk akar berikut ini.
a. √5 . √5 = 5
b. 6.3 √5 = 18√5
c. 2√2 .3 √3 = (2.3)√2.3 = 6√6
d. 4√2(√5 + 2√3) = (4√2)√5 + (4√2)(2√3) = 4√10 + 8√6
e. (√8 + √5) (√8 − √5) = 8 − 5 = 3
f. (3√2 + 2√3)(3√2 − 2√3) = 3.3.2 − 2.2.3 = 18 − 12 = 6
g. (𝟑√𝟐 + 𝟐√𝟑)(𝟑√𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟐)
= 3√2 . 3√3 + 3√2 . 2√2 + 𝟐√𝟑 . 𝟑√𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟑 . 𝟐√𝟐
= 𝟗√𝟔 + 𝟔. 𝟐 + 𝟔. 𝟑 + 𝟒√𝟔
= (𝟗 + 𝟒)√𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖
= 𝟏𝟑 √𝟔 + 𝟑𝟎

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Bentuk akar

  • 1. B. BENTUK AKAR 1. Definisi Bentuk Akar Bentuk akar adalah akar dari bilangan rasional yang hasilnya merupakan bilangan irasional. Bentuk umumnya adalah: √𝑎𝑛 𝑚 = 𝑎 𝑚 𝑛 Contoh: √2, √3, √5 3 , √8, dan sebagainya 2. Menyederhanakan Bentuk akar Contoh : a. √32 = √16.2 = √16 √2 = 4 √2 b. √18 = √9.2 = √9 √2 = 3 √2 c. √125 = √25.5 = √25 √5 = 5 √5 3. Operasi Bentuk Akar Penjumlahan dan pengurangan Untuk penjumlahan dan pengurangan bentuk akar digunakan rumus: Contoh : Sederhanakan bentuk akar berikut ini. a. 4√5 + 2√5 = (4 + 2)√5 = 6√5 b. 3√6 + √6 − 5√6 = (3 + 1 − 5)√6 = −√6 c. √2 + √5 − √6 = tidak dapat disederhanakan, karena bentuk akarnya berlainan. d. √28 − √125 + √63 − √80 = √4.7 − √25.5 + √9.7 − √16.5 = 2√7 − 5√5 + 3√7 − 4√5 = −9√5 + 5√7 Perkalian bentuk akar Untuk perkalian bentuk akar digunakan rumus: 𝑎√𝑐 + 𝑏√𝑐 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)√𝑐 𝑎√𝑐 − 𝑏√𝑐 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)√𝑐 ❖ √𝑎 . √𝑎 = 𝑎 ❖ 𝑎. 𝑏 √𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏√𝑐 ❖ √𝑎 (√𝑏 ± √𝑐) = √𝑎𝑏 ± √𝑎𝑐 ❖ (√𝑎 + √𝑏) (√𝑎 − √𝑏) = 𝑎 − 𝑏 ❖ (√𝑎 ± √𝑏) (√𝑎 ± √𝑏) = √𝑎2 ± 2√𝑎𝑏 ± √𝑏2
  • 2. Contoh : Sederhanakan bentuk akar berikut ini. a. √5 . √5 = 5 b. 6.3 √5 = 18√5 c. 2√2 .3 √3 = (2.3)√2.3 = 6√6 d. 4√2(√5 + 2√3) = (4√2)√5 + (4√2)(2√3) = 4√10 + 8√6 e. (√8 + √5) (√8 − √5) = 8 − 5 = 3 f. (3√2 + 2√3)(3√2 − 2√3) = 3.3.2 − 2.2.3 = 18 − 12 = 6 g. (𝟑√𝟐 + 𝟐√𝟑)(𝟑√𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟐) = 3√2 . 3√3 + 3√2 . 2√2 + 𝟐√𝟑 . 𝟑√𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟑 . 𝟐√𝟐 = 𝟗√𝟔 + 𝟔. 𝟐 + 𝟔. 𝟑 + 𝟒√𝟔 = (𝟗 + 𝟒)√𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟏𝟑 √𝟔 + 𝟑𝟎