Ip address classes
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This document discusses IP address classes and subnet masking. It covers the following: - IP address classes A, B, and C and their network ID and host ranges. Class D is for multicast and Class E is experimental. - Default subnet masks are 255.0.0.0 for Class A, 255.255.0.0 for Class B, and 255.255.255.0 for Class C. - An example of subnet masking a Class B network with 4000 hosts into multiple subnets of 256 hosts each using a subnet mask of 255.255.240.0.
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Objectives include understanding the importance of reconnaissance, identifying potential information leakage, enumerating applications on a webserver, and identifying entry points for applications.
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To explore how search engines can reveal sensitive information about a target.
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To identify and list all applications running on a webserver.
Example:
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To explore how search engines can reveal sensitive information about a target.
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To identify and list all applications running on a webserver.
Example:
Discovering that a website hosts a blog, an e-commerce platform, and an admin portal.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Ip address classes
- 1. IP Address Classes • Class A – N.H.H.H – 1-126 – 0 can not be used as Net ID – 127 is reserved for loop back functions – 126 Different Networks – 16.777.214 Hosts per Network
- 2. IP Address Classes • Class B – N.N.H.H – 128-191 – The first IP Address is the NET ID – The last IP Address is the Broadcast Address – 16.384 Different Networks – 65543 Hosts per Network
- 3. IP Address Classes • Class C – N.N.N.H – 192-223 – The first IP Address is the NET ID – The last IP Address is the Broadcast Address – 2.097.152 Different Networks – 254 Hosts per Network
- 4. IP Address Classes CLASS D – Used for multicast broadcasts CLASS E – Experimental addresses not available to the public
- 5. SUBNET MASKING – Smaller broadcast domains – More manageable networks – Save IP Addresses Default Subnet Mask – CLASS A - 255.0.0.0 – CLASS B - 255.255.0.0 – CLASS C - 255.255.255.0
- 6. SUBNET MASKING 4000 Hosts NET ID – 190.100.0.0 CLASS B 212=4096 D.S.M - 255.255.0.0 255.255.11110000.00000000 255.255.240.0 is the Subnet 256-240 = 16
- 7. SUBNET MASKING • Subnet Mask is 255.255.240.0 – 190.100.16.1 - 190.100.31.254 – 190.100.32.1 - 190.100.47.254 – 190.100.48.1 - ………………. – Net ID • 190.100.16.0 • 190.100.32.0 – Broadcast • 190.100.31.255 • 190.100.47.255
- 8. 500 Hosts NET ID – 190.100.0.0
- 9. Private Addresses • There are certain address in each class that are not assigned. These are called private addresses. • Private addresses are not routed on the internet. • Network Address Translation (NAT) can be used to connect these Private Networks to the Internet