A Series of Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Master Trainer in Mushroom Technology Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

3. DR. ISHRAT NAZ
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
THE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, PESHAWAR
KHYBER PAKTHUNKHWA
Mushroom pharmaceuticals and
nutraceuticals

4. Mushrooms
 Often grouped with vegetables,
mushrooms provide many of the
nutritional attributes of produce,
as well as attributes more
commonly found in meat, beans
or grains.

5. Medicinal component of mushrooms
 Mushrooms are relatively high
in proteins of good quality,
containing all essential amino
acids and are rich in lysine and
leucine, which most staple
cereal foods are either low in
or lacking.
 Mushrooms are excellent
source of folic acid.

6. Medicinal component of mushrooms
Mushrooms are low:
 In calories,
 Fat-free,
 Cholesterol-free,
 Gluten-free, and very low in sodium,
 Yet they provide important nutrients, including selenium,
potassium (8%), riboflavin, niacin, vitamin D and more.
 They have a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

7. Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 94 kJ (22 kcal)
Carbohydrates 4.3 g
Fat 0.1 g
Protein 2.5 g
Vitamins
Thiamine (B1) (9%) 0.1 mg
Riboflavin (B2) (42%) 0.5 mg
Niacin (B3) (25%) 3.8 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5) (30%) 1.5 mg
Vitamin C (0%) 0 mg
Trace minerals
Calcium (2%) 18 mg
Phosphorus (17%) 120 mg
Potassium (10%) 448 mg
Sodium (0%) 6 mg
Zinc (12%) 1.1 mg

8. Medicinal component of mushrooms
 Mushrooms are a good source of B vitamins.
 B vitamins also play an important role in the nervous system.
 Pantothenic acid helps with the production of hormones and also
plays an important role in the nervous system.
 Riboflavin helps maintain healthy red blood cells.
 Niacin promotes healthy skin and makes sure the digestive and
nervous systems function properly.

9. Medicinal component of mushrooms
 Mushrooms are also a source of important minerals:
 Selenium is a mineral that works as an antioxidant to
protect body cells from damage that might lead to heart
disease, some cancers and other diseases of aging.
 It also has been found to be important for the immune
system.

10. Medicinal component of mushrooms
 Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring
antioxidant that also may help protect
the body’s cells.
 Mushrooms provide 2.8-4.9 mg of
ergothioneine per serving of white,
portabella or crimini mushrooms.

11. Medicinal component of mushrooms
 Copper helps make red blood cells, which carry oxygen
throughout the body. Copper also helps keep bones and nerves
healthy.
 Potassium: (98-376 mg of potassium per 84 gram serving)
 Maintenance of normal fluid and mineral balance, which helps
control blood pressure.
 Beta-glucans: Contribute to resistance agai.nst allergies

12. (Mushrooms) Beta-glucans

14. Nutraceuticals
 Nutraceuticals:
 The term nutraceutical refers to the functional foods that are
consumed as a part of the normal diet.
 Mushrooms are nutraceuticals. Nutraceutical possess medicinal
as well as nutritional attributes. E.g Ganoderma medicines or
capsules.

15. Reishi: Ganoderma lucidum

16. Widely used Nutraceutical Mushroom
 Lowering the blood pressure
 Lowering the level of blood sugar
 Anti-tumor
 Immuno-modulatory
 Hematoprotective activities
 Increasing body resistance
 Improve hearing and sight
(Singh et al., 2007; Singh et al., 2008; Singh
et al., 2009).

17. Mushroom as Pharmaceuticals
 When a chemically defined preparation with medicinal properties
is obtained such as mushroom, this can be referred to as
Pharmaceutical.
 Pharmaceuticals have special medical usage, being used
therapeutically for the treatment of special medical conditions.
 Applied as
 Orally
 Inhalation
 Topically
 Injection

18. Mushroom Medicines

22. Shiitake, Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer
 Shiitake contains an anti-
cancer compound known as
polysaccharides lentinan

23. Medicinal mushrooms
 Maitake (Grifola frondosa
(Dicks.:Fr.) S.F. Gray
D-fraction (anti-cancer), from maitake
mushroom.
 Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr) Loyd
Krestin, anticancer agent from
Trametes versicolor
Polysaccharide-K – a protein
extract from the trametes
versicolor fungus, or turkey tail –
boost the immune system of
cancer patients in (Japan)

24. Medicinal mushrooms
 Schizophyllum commune (Fr.:Fr)
 Schizophyllan, anticancer agent
from Schizophyllum commune.
 Cordyceps militaris (Caterpillar
fungus)

25. Agaricus bisporus
 Anti-cancer properties

26. Pleurotus spp.
 Pleurotus species have high
medicinal value. Compounds
extracted from these mushrooms
exhibit activity against various
chronic diseases including
 Hypertension,
 Hypercholesterolemia,
 Anti-oxidant
 Anti-inflammatory
 Anti-tumor
 (Wasser, 2002).

27. Pleurotus spp
 Pleurotus florida and
Pleurotus pulmonarius
 Possess anti-oxidant and anti-
tumor activity.

28. Phellinus rimosus
 Indian mushroom, Phellinus
rimosus shows anti-
hepatotoxic activities