The process of communication

1. Ch.10 Pragmatics
Lecture no. 1
Ali Qadoury Abed
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Researches
Al-Mansour University College
Department of …English ...
Class …4th…….
Year ……2021-2022…

2. Communication
Communication is a process of sending or / and receiving
messages ( spoken or written ) between speaker(s) and listener(s).
Speaker
Message
listener
message

3. Communication clearly depends on not only recognizing
the meaning of words in an utterance ( visible or conceptual meaning )
, but also recognizing what speakers mean by their utterances in a
particular context ( invisible meaning ) .

4. Pragmatics
Pragmatics is the study of the invisible meaning, or how
we recognize what is meant even when it is not actually said or written.
In other words, pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning.

5. Context
Context refers to all the objects or entities which surround a
focal event, in these disciplines typically a communicative event, of
some kind.
Context is "a frame that surrounds the event and provides
resources for its appropriate interpretation”.

6. Types of context
1. Physical Context is the situation, time or place in which words are
used.
2. Linguistic context is the set of other words used in the same phrase
or sentence, also called co-text.

7. Deixis
There are some very common words in our language that
can’t be interpreted at all if we don’t know the context , especially the
physical context of the speaker.
These are words such as here and there, this or that, now or
then, yesterday, today or tomorrow, as well as pronouns such as you,
me, she, him, it, them.
Thus, some sentences of English are virtually impossible to
understand if we don’t know who is speaking, about whom, where and
when.

8. Types of Deixis
• Person deixis to point to things and people such as me, us, ours, this
girl him, them, that woman, those idiots
• Spatial deixis to point to a location such as here, this bed, behind me
there, those hills, over yonder
• Temporal deixis to point to a time such as now, today, this morning
then, yesterday, last week, next year