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Lect 1 inrocution of microbiology
- 3. Microbiology & Immunology Introduction to Microbiology classification, history, & how Microorganisms affect human lives Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes Morphology, metabolism, reproduction Physical factors that affect microbial growth
- 4. General Microbiology Antimicrobial chemotherapy Normal flora & host parasite relationship Mechanisms of virulence Virology, Parasitology, Mycology
- 6. Is the biology of microorganisms. - It is a bioscience for the study of the evolution, classification , morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology of microbes under certain definite conditions The law of their life activities and their interaction with human being, animals or plants as well as with natural environment.
- 7. Is a science dealing with Microorganisms
- 8. What are Microorganisms? . - Microorganisms --are minute living things that are too small to be seen by naked eye microscope
- 9. What are Microorganisms? - Viruses , bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae are all in this category - All with the exception of plants and animals
- 10. Branches of Microbiology Bacteria-Bacteriology Mycology - Fungus Parasitology - Protozoology & Helminthology Immunology - Host defenses Virology - Viruses Recombinant DNA technology
- 12. Microorganisms and Human Beings Beneficial activities: Most microbes are of benefit to human beings, some are necessary( nitrogen, carbon cycles) Harmful activities: A portion of microbes cause diseases and are poisonous to human, and these are really that concern us in the study of Medical Microbiology, etc.
- 13. The Importance of Microbiology Environment Medicine Food Industry Biotechnology Research
- 14. The Importance of Microbiology Ecological importance Maintaining the ecological balance in the environment (on the earth) by recycling chemical elements such as Carbon & Nitrogen between the soil & the atmosphere
- 15. The Importance of Microbiology Soil microbes help breakdown wastes &incorporate nitrogen gas from the air into organic compounds --certain microbes play important roles in photosynthesis (carbon) --a food & oxygen generating process that is critical to life on earth
- 16. The Importance of Microbiology Humans & many other animals depend on the microbes in their intestines (microflora) for: The digestion & the synthesis of some vitamins that their bodies require some B vitamins = metabolism vitamin K = blood clotting
- 17. The Importance of Microbiology Some microorganisms are used in commercial & industrial application # Industry: Chemicals --- organic acids ,enzymes & alcohol (ethanol, acetone, etc.) # Food: cheese, yogurt, bread, pickles & vinegar •# Drugs --- antibiotics (penicillin)
- 18. The Importance of Microbiology •Biotechnology: Recombinant products (e.g., human insulin, vaccines)
- 19. Modern Biotechnology & Recombinant DNA technology Biotechnology =practical application of microbiology to produce some common foods & chemicals Recombinant DNA technology=have been used to produce a number of natural proteins vaccines & enzymes Gene therapy=inserting missing gene or replacing defective one in human cells ,,,harmless virus to carry gene
- 20. Recombinant DNA technology:A series of procedures that are used to join together (recombine) DNA segments. A recombinant DNA molecule is constructed from segments of two or more different DNA molecules. Under certain conditions, a recombinant DNA molecule can enter a cell and replicate there, either on its own or after it has been integrated into a chromosome.
- 21. The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes. Applications include the production of certain drugs, synthetic hormones, and bulk foodstuffs as well as the bioconversion of organic waste and the use of genetically altered bacteria in the cleanup of oil spills.
- 22. The Importance of Microbiology •Environment: microbes used to treat sewage and clean up pollution •Bioremediation • microbes cultured for their ability to digest oil and other petroleum derivatives.