systems biology and synthetic biology relationship, use, and application

1. SUBJECT : CAREER OPPORTUNITIES AND
ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
SUBJECT CODE: MCE 713
System And Synthetic Biology
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. GD RAM GURU
MCE DEPARTMENT
JIBB
SUBMITTED BY:
GAURAV AUGUSTINE
ID: 19MTBT001
M.TECH 2ND SEM.

2. System and synthetic biology
 Systems biology is an inter-disciplinary
science that studies the complex interactions
and the collective behavior of a cell or an
organism.
 Synthetic biology, as a technological
subject, combines biological science and
engineering, allowing the design and
manipulation of a system for certain
applications.

5. Synthetic
biology with
bioengineering
, molecular
biology,
genomics

6. Introduction to synthetic biology
 synthetic biology‘ appeared in the literature in
1980, when it was used by Barbara Hobom to
describe bacteria that had been genetically
engineered using recombinant DNA technology.
 These bacteria are living systems (therefore
biological) that have been altered by human
intervention (that is, synthetically). In this respect,
synthetic biology was largely synonymous with
“bioengineering”.

7. The advent of the field of (molecular, systems) “synthetic biology” at
the turn of the 21st Century was motivated by two distinct, but
mutually reinforcing, goals.

8. Synthetic Biology – A new Biological
Research
 Synthetic biology is a new research that combines
science and engineering.
 Synthetic biology encompasses a variety of
different approaches, methodologies and
disciplines, and many different definitions exist.
What they all have in common, however, is that
they see synthetic biology as the design and
construction of new biological functions and
systems not found in nature.

9. Techniques in synthetic biology
 Computational modeling
 DNA sequencing
 DNA synthesis
 Yield
 Future trends in modern synthesis
 Oligonucleotide synthesis

10. Components of synthetic biology
 Genetic Manipulation
 Genetic selection carried out for millennia
(domestication of animals)
 Mendelian selection rationalized process.
 Recombinant DNA

11. Synthetic Biology becomes part of
living system
In 2000, the term synthetic biology‘ was
again introduced by Eric Kool and other
speakers at the annual meeting of the
American Chemical Society in San
Francisco. Here, the term was used to
describe the synthesis of unnatural organic
molecules that function in living systems

12. Scope of Synthetic Biology
Synthetic biology has a broader scope, however, in that
it attempts to recreate in unnatural chemical systems
the emergent properties of living systems, including
inheritance, genetics and evolution Synthetic biologists
seek to assemble components that are not natural
(therefore synthetic) to generate chemical systems that
support Darwinian evolution. The motivation is similar
in biomimetic chemistry, where synthetic enzyme
models are important for understanding natural
enzymes.

13. Application of synthetic biology
Based on modular Engineered biological devices
assemblies of genes and proteins might also be able to
act within the body to detect and respond to changes in
the state of health a kind of autonomous, molecular-
scale physician that can combat disease at a very early
stage in its development. Such devices could also be
used for tissue repair and cell regeneration. Such
means, synthetic biology might provide the tools for
medical intervention at the molecular level, obviating
the rather crude surgical or pharmaceutical tools
currently at our disposal

14. Environmental Applications
 Bioremediation:- Another area with potential
environmental benefits is bioremediation.
Microorganisms or even plants could be engineered to
degrade pesticides and remove pollutants (Tucker and
Zilinskas 2006).
 Biosensors:- The area of biosensors also has potential
environmental benefits. Although biosensors have a
broad range of uses (including the production of
photographic bacteria, see Levskaya et al. 2005), they
can also be developed to detect toxic chemicals, such
as arsenic (Chu 2007).

16. Medical Applications
 A range of potential In vivo applications : There
are applications of synthetic biology which could
monitor and respond to conditions in the human body.
For example, regulatory circuits could be designed
which trigger insulin production in diabetes (ITI Life
Sciences 2007). Bacteria or viruses could be
programmed to identify malignant cancer cells and
deliver therapeutic agents (Serrano 2007). Viruses have
also been engineered to interact with HIV-infected
cells, which could prevent the development of AIDS
(De Vriend 2006).

17. Synthetic Biology Creates New Drug
Development and Synthetic vaccines
 New drug development pathways. One of the avenues of
synthetic biology that has wide application is the
development of alternative production routes for useful
compounds, and one of the most discussed of these is the
construction of an artificial metabolic pathway in E. coli
and yeast to produce a precursor (arteminisin) for an
antimalarial drug (Martin et al. 2003, Ro et al. 2006).
 Synthetic vaccines: The fact that synthetic biology can
start from scratch means that new synthetic vaccines could
be produced in response to viruses that themselves evolve
rapidly such as those that cause severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) and hepatitis C (Garfinkel et al. 2007).

19. Industrial Applications
 Biofuels: One of the most widely discussed areas of
future application of synthetic biology research is
biofuels. There are many ways of engineering
microorganisms to produce carbon-neutral (or more
environmentally friendly) sources of energy. For
example, bacteria could be engineered to synthesize
hydrogen or ethanol by degrading cellulose, although
further work is needed to overcome technical barriers

20. Conclusion
 Systems and synthetic biology are often described
as distinguishable in their emphasis on analysis
versus synthesis, but the ties to engineering
approaches are complex and multi-faceted in both
fields.
 It is hoped that this discovery will lead to the
development of many important applications and
products including biofuels, vaccines,
pharmaceuticals, clean water and food products.

21. THANK YOU