Done by Space group at Doha Secondary school for Boys Under supervision from AL-Bairaq

1. AL-Bairaq
I am Discovering Materials
Biodegradable Materials
Group Name( space)
Youssef allam Mohammed Al-Malki
Jabor aldoseri Abdulla Alqahtani

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Activity 1: Comparing packing materials (part A&B)
• Activity 2: Hunting for biodegradable objects
• Activity 3: Processing biodegradable materials and comparing
their mechanical properties
– Part A: Processing gelatin into a gel and films
– Part B: Testing mechanical properties
• Activity 4: Measuring the degradation rates of biodegradable
materials
• Design Project: Designing a medicine release capsule
• Product Idea: Green Qatar

3. Introduction
 What is Biodegradation
 is the disintegration of materials by bectiria,fungi or
other biological means

4. Activity 1: Comparing
packing materials (part A)
 Procedure
 We filled two beakers with ten meliliter of water and we added
one white peanut to a beaker and a green peanut to the other,
 Then we left it for 10-15 minutes
 RESULTS
the white peanut dissolved because it’s made from starch,
but the green peanut didn’t dissolve because it is a polystyrene

5. Activity 1: Comparing
packing materials (part B)
 Procedure
 firstly we take two bags of food bags then we filled the
first bag by white peanut and filled the second bag by
green peanut and put in two bag a egg then We threw the
first bag down and two the same in the second bag.
 RESULTS
 The egg in white peanut Decomposition but green peanut
did not Decomposition
 Conclusion
The white peanut is better than green peanut because white
peanut
Dissolve solids and liquid because For it is made of starch
So the materials Will decompose and that’s keeps the
environment from pollution but green peanut made of

6. The different between white peanut and green peanut
 the green peanut more resistant than white peanut
The green peanut Do not biodegrade so it protects the material inside it
Saves solid and liquid materials
 The white peanut Less resistance than green peanut
Analyzes the material inside it
Maintains the environment Because it analyzes the material inside it
The green peanutThe white peanut
Activity 1: Comparing
packing materials (part B)

7. Activity 2: Hunting for
biodegradable objects
Biodegradable
Materials
Biodegradable
materials is the things
that can be Decompose
like {hair-fruits-hair-
human body
Biodegradable
vs. non-
biodegradable
Non-
biodegradable
materials
Non-biodegradable
materials is the things
that can’t be
decompose like {Plastic
products-tires-some
kinds of shopping bag

8. Activity 3: Processing biodegradable
materials and comparing their mechanical
properties
Part A: Processing gelatin into a gel and films
 Preparation:
 0.1g=1capsul
 prepare 5% w/v film : 5 capsules + 10 ml HCl
 Prepare 10% w/v film : 10 capsules + 10 ml HCl
 Prepare 20% w/v film : 20 capsules + 10 ml HCl
 Procedure:
 Dissolve the capsules in the HCL on a heated dish
 Let dry for 48 hours

9. Activity 3: Processing biodegradable
materials and comparing their mechanical
properties
Part B: Testing mechanical properties
 Compare between the films and gel
 Observations:
 Conclusion
 As density gets higher the less transparent become
 As concentration gets higher, it gets less transparent and it gets thicker
5% and 10 % films 20% gel
Less concentration More concentration
More transparent Less transparent
Low thickness High thickness

10. Activity 4: Measuring the
degradation rates of
biodegradable materials
 Objective: Test the effect of pH,
temperature and concentration on the
degradation rates of the gel, films,
packing material (starch), and gelatin
capsule.
 Steps:
 Bring three beakers and fill each of them with
 pH, one beaker with NaOH and the other
 One with HCL
 After, we add the white peanut,gel and the
 gelatin capsules to each one of them

11. Activity 4: Measuring the degradation
rates of biodegradable materials
 Results:
Boiling water
PH=7
HCl
PH=4
NaOH
PH=10
5% 4sec 1:32 4min
20% 6sec 8min 11min
Gelatin
Capsule
2:48 30min 45min
Packing material
(Starch)
16min 3:30 hour 4hour
• Conclusion:
• The boiling water is the most affective one on
the white peanut and the gelatin capsule

12. Design Project: Designing a
medicine release capsules
 Objective: Simulation of drug release and
capsule degradation inside the human body
 Procedure:
 Drop Sodium alginate into Calcium Chloride and
wait for 10 minutes and then filter the beads
(capsules are ready)
 Soak the beads into colors (as medicine) and
wait for 30 minutes and then filter the beads
again
 Now the medicine capsules are ready
 Drop the capsules inside Sodium citrate (human
body) and notice what happens

13. Design Project: Designing a
medicine release capsules
 Conclusion:
 Biodegradable materials are often used in medical
purposes.
 Observations:
 We noticed that the drug was spread in the solution after
the capsule was dissolved.

14. Final Project:
Green Qatar
 Introduction and Rationale:
 The dream of having our own local vegetables and fruits without
the need to import anything can actually be accomplished. Self-
sufficiency to cover all market needs is our target.
 We thought of using various materials to enrichen the soil of
Qatar and make it able to be farmed.
 Conversion of arable soil unsuitable for agriculture into arable
soil by using organic compounds

15. Final Project:
Green Qatar
Aim of the work
(objectives)
 Farming Qatar Soil
 Accomplish self-sufficiency of
agricultural crops
 Less dependent on other countries
 Improve our country economy
 Provide healthy food for the
residents of Qatar without
preservatives.

16. Green Qatar
Hypothesis:
 Can the required materials be gathered in enough
amount to enrichen the soil?
 Will the plant grow successfully after adding our
enhancements?
 Will the soil remain farmable for enough period of
time to grow a plant?

17. The problem we are trying to solve
 Conversion of arable land to arable soil
 High food prices and difficulty in obtaining them
 Do not take advantage of waste containing useful
materials
GreenQatar

18. Green Qatar
Materials
MATERIALS
Gelatine
Egg shells
tree leaves
Seeds
Soil

19. Green Qatar
Materials
GELATIN
Gelatine is a protein extracted from the manufacture of connective
tissue and animal bones, and is in the form of transparent colourless
colour, which becomes fragile when dry, resulting from the breakdown of
collagen in the tissues and bones, Gelatine is a source of food rich in
essential vitamins and minerals such as phosphorus, copper, selenium, In
addition, it is an important source of protein, and for its many benefits,
gelatine enters many food, aesthetic and pharmaceutical industries

20. Green Qatar
Methods
Steps
 Firstly we collect some leaves and grinded
 Then we collect egg crust and grinded
 And get some soil then pulled out the gravel
 Then mixed the egg crust and grinded leaves and
some gelatine

21. Green Qatar
Methods
Steps (continue)
 After we mixed it we add some water every day to
analyse the soil
 Then we add some seeds to the soil then let it in sun
for 7 day

22. Benefits of the project
 1:Utilization of unused materials
 2:Conversion of non-agricultural soil into agricultural
 3:Cultivation of roofs of houses
 Self-sufficiency of resources
 Utilization of waste containing useful substances
Green Qatar
Results:

23. Green Qatar
Recommendations:
 Do not throw away important organic waste
 Cultivation of agricultural products on the roofs of
houses
 Preserving the environment

24. Conclusions
 Thanks a lot for AL-Bairaq for their efforts with us
 Now we know a lot of things about biodegradable
materials
 We hope our project will impress you
 And hope our project to be useful in our society
 Big thanks to Qatar university for supporting us during in
our journey with AL-Bairaq

25. Acknowledgment
Many thanks to AL-Bairaq team from Center for
Advanced Materials (CAM),and for the
experience we have got. Qatar University for
supporting us during our journey with a AL-
Bairaq.
Also, I would like to thank the sponsors UNESCO,
Qatar National Commission, and Shell.