6. Risk factors of infertility
Age
• Women's fertility gradually declines with age, especially in the mid-30s, and it
drops rapidly after age 37, while in male starts to fall after the age of 40
• Infertility in older women is likely due to the lower number and quality of eggs -
can also be due to health problems
• Placental development and blood supply are also adversely effected by ages
Smoking
• Smoking significantly the risk of infertility in both sexes - it may undermine the
effects of fertility treatment
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the chance of pregnancy loss
• Passive smoking has also been linked to lower fertility
7. Exercise issues
• Alack of exercise contributes to obesity, which increases the risk of infertility.
• Less often, ovulation problems may be associated with frequent strenuous, intense exercise in women
who are not overweight.
Chemotherapy
• Some chemotherapy drugs can result in ovarian failure or significantly reduce sperm count.
Radiation
• If this is aimed near the reproductive organs, it can increase the risk of fertility problems.
Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
• Chlamydia can damage the fallopian tubes in a female and cause inflammation in a male’s
scrotum. Some other STIs may also cause infertility.
8. Types of Infertility
• Primary Infertility
• When women is unable to
ever bear child
• Secondary Infertility
• When women has been
pregnant but
achieve live
having a
failure to
birth
live
after
birth
previously
9. Prevention of Infertility
• Men
• Although most types of infertility aren't
preventable in men, these strategies may help:
• Avoid drug and tobacco use and drinking too
much alcohol, which may contribute to male
infertility.
• Avoid high temperatures found in hot tubs and
hot baths, as they can temporarily affect sperm
production and motility.
10. • Avoid exposure to industrial or environmental
toxins, which can affect sperm production.
• Limit medications that may impact fertility, both
prescription and nonprescription drugs.
your doctor
Talk with
you take
regularly, but
about any medications
don't stop taking prescription
medications without medical advice.
• Exercise moderately. Regular exercise may improve
sperm quality and increase the chances for achieving
a pregnancy.
11. • Women
• For women, a number of strategies may increase the chances
of becoming pregnant
• Quit smoking. Tobacco has many negative effects on fertility,
not to mention your general health and the health of a fetus
• Avoid alcohol and street drugs. These substances may
impair your ability to conceive and have a healthy pregnancy.
Don't drink alcohol or use recreational drugs, such as
marijuana, if you're trying to get pregnant.
12. • Limit caffeine. Women trying to get pregnant may
want to limit caffeine intake. Ask your doctor for
guidance on the safe use of caffeine
• Exercise moderately. Regular exercise is important,
but exercising so intensely that your periods are
infrequent or absent can affect fertility
• Avoid weight extremes. Being overweight or
underweight can affect your hormone production and
cause infertility.
16. Forms of ART
Artificial Insemination
In vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Oocyte Donation
Surrogacy
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer a.k.a Cloning
23. Conclusion
• Infertility is typically defined as the inability to
achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected
intercourse
• If you have been trying to conceive for a year or
more, you should consider an infertility evaluation
