1. The document discusses the importance of preconception care for expecting healthy babies. It emphasizes maintaining physical and mental health before conception through healthy diet, exercise, avoiding addictions, screening and treating infections.
2. Key aspects of preconception care discussed include maintaining a healthy BMI, treating anemia, screening for infections like HIV and ensuring proper vaccination.
3. The document stresses that both potential parents should undergo medical examinations and get counselling to identify and address any health issues before planning a pregnancy.
Our aim is to alleviate human suffering related to diabetes and its complications among those least able to withstand the burden of the disease. From 2002 to March 2017, the World Diabetes Foundation provided USD 130 million in funding to 511 projects in 115 countries. For every dollar spent, the Foundation raises approximately 2 dollars in cash or as in-kind donations from other sources. The total value of the WDF project portfolio reached USD 377 million, excluding WDF’s own advocacy and strategic platforms.
Effective treatment for obesity in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur, Mum...Shewta shetty
"Obesity- Obesity refers to excessive fat accumulation in the body. Mindheal homeopathy induces the patient to make a dietary and lifestyle changes to control obesity"/>
Effective treatment for obesity in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur, Mum...Shewta shetty
"Obesity- Obesity refers to excessive fat accumulation in the body. Mindheal homeopathy induces the patient to make a dietary and lifestyle changes to control obesity"/>
Introduction
In Australia, at least 17,000 women develop gestational diabetes every year –
you are not alone! The number of women developing gestational diabetes is
expected to grow significantly over the next few decades.
Gestational diabetes is associated with an increased risk of complications
in pregnancy and birth, as well as a greater likelihood of mother and child
developing type 2 diabetes later in life. The good news is that with good
management of gestational diabetes, these risks are significantly reduced.
There have been huge advances in the knowledge about the management
and treatment of gestational diabetes and the importance of a healthy lifestyle
in keeping gestational diabetes and its complications under control. This
booklet aims to provide you with information about gestational diabetes, how
to look after your gestational diabetes and where to get assistance if you
need it.
The booklet is not designed to take the place of the valuable advice you will
receive from your diabetes team. It is designed to help you learn as much as
you can about gestational diabetes and the importance of managing your
gestational diabetes and continuing to enjoy a healthy lifestyle after you have
had your baby.
Our aim is to alleviate human suffering related to diabetes and its complications among those least able to withstand the burden of the disease. From 2002 to March 2017, the World Diabetes Foundation provided USD 130 million in funding to 511 projects in 115 countries. For every dollar spent, the Foundation raises approximately 2 dollars in cash or as in-kind donations from other sources. The total value of the WDF project portfolio reached USD 377 million, excluding WDF’s own advocacy and strategic platforms.
Effective treatment for obesity in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur, Mum...Shewta shetty
"Obesity- Obesity refers to excessive fat accumulation in the body. Mindheal homeopathy induces the patient to make a dietary and lifestyle changes to control obesity"/>
Effective treatment for obesity in Mindheal Homeopathy clinic ,Chembur, Mum...Shewta shetty
"Obesity- Obesity refers to excessive fat accumulation in the body. Mindheal homeopathy induces the patient to make a dietary and lifestyle changes to control obesity"/>
Introduction
In Australia, at least 17,000 women develop gestational diabetes every year –
you are not alone! The number of women developing gestational diabetes is
expected to grow significantly over the next few decades.
Gestational diabetes is associated with an increased risk of complications
in pregnancy and birth, as well as a greater likelihood of mother and child
developing type 2 diabetes later in life. The good news is that with good
management of gestational diabetes, these risks are significantly reduced.
There have been huge advances in the knowledge about the management
and treatment of gestational diabetes and the importance of a healthy lifestyle
in keeping gestational diabetes and its complications under control. This
booklet aims to provide you with information about gestational diabetes, how
to look after your gestational diabetes and where to get assistance if you
need it.
The booklet is not designed to take the place of the valuable advice you will
receive from your diabetes team. It is designed to help you learn as much as
you can about gestational diabetes and the importance of managing your
gestational diabetes and continuing to enjoy a healthy lifestyle after you have
had your baby.
The presentation can be used for training of Doctors and Staff nurses on Emergency Obstetric care and MMR reduction strategies in Low Resource settings.
Ovulation is the biological process during which a mature egg in the female is discharged from the ovary. Those five or six days are essential for conception.Ovulation plays a major role in the fertilization as far as female contribution to successful conception.
To understand the principles of taking an obstetric history.
To understand the key components of an obstetric examination
The patient is normally a healthy woman undergoing a normal life event.
The type of questions asked during the history change with gestation, as does the purpose and nature of the examination.
The history will often cover physiology, pathology and psychology
Obsterics and Gynaecology-
introduction-Preventive obstetrics is the concept of prevention or early detection of particular health deviations through routine periodic examinations and screening .
The concept of preventive obstetrics concerns with the concepts of the health & wellbeing of the mother her baby during the antenatal,intranatal & postnatal period.
The goal of the preventive obstetrics is the delivery of a healthy infant by a healthy mother at the end of a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnancy & child birth normal physiological
process that change from conception to
delivery.
Objectives
To promote , protect and maintain the health of the mother during pregnancy.
To detect “high risk” cases and give them special attention
To foresee complications and prevent them.
To remove anxiety and dread associated with delivery
Learn how fertility and obesity is connected and what are the health related risks that can be caused to the both mother and baby. Find a complete fertility solution and stay health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The presentation can be used for training of Doctors and Staff nurses on Emergency Obstetric care and MMR reduction strategies in Low Resource settings.
Ovulation is the biological process during which a mature egg in the female is discharged from the ovary. Those five or six days are essential for conception.Ovulation plays a major role in the fertilization as far as female contribution to successful conception.
To understand the principles of taking an obstetric history.
To understand the key components of an obstetric examination
The patient is normally a healthy woman undergoing a normal life event.
The type of questions asked during the history change with gestation, as does the purpose and nature of the examination.
The history will often cover physiology, pathology and psychology
Obsterics and Gynaecology-
introduction-Preventive obstetrics is the concept of prevention or early detection of particular health deviations through routine periodic examinations and screening .
The concept of preventive obstetrics concerns with the concepts of the health & wellbeing of the mother her baby during the antenatal,intranatal & postnatal period.
The goal of the preventive obstetrics is the delivery of a healthy infant by a healthy mother at the end of a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnancy & child birth normal physiological
process that change from conception to
delivery.
Objectives
To promote , protect and maintain the health of the mother during pregnancy.
To detect “high risk” cases and give them special attention
To foresee complications and prevent them.
To remove anxiety and dread associated with delivery
Learn how fertility and obesity is connected and what are the health related risks that can be caused to the both mother and baby. Find a complete fertility solution and stay health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
ENGLISH FLIP CHART IEC MOTHER BABY.pdf
1. HEALTHY PARENTS, HEALTHY CHILDREN
PRE-CONCEPTION CARE
• Many women are aware about care during pregnancy, but
preconception care is also important to deliver a healthy baby
3. Healthy baby
• Every couple (woman and her husband) desires a
healthy and live long baby
• Baby is generally born full term (completion of 9
months 9 days). But birth can occur 15 days earlier or
15 days later to EDD
• Healthy baby cries immediately after birth
• It weighs about 2.5 to 3.0 kg.
• Its length is about 45 to 50 cm.
• There is absence of congenital anomalies
• What should we do to have such healthy baby? When
to do?
• What are does and don’ts?
Care should be taken before conception!
How and what, that is what we will now learn....
3
5. Planning parenting
Physical capacity
• Age of woman should be above 20
years
• Her BMI should be between 18.5 and
25.0
• Her Hb should be more than 12 gm %
• There should be minimum 3 years gap
between two children
• They should not have any addiction of
tobacco, Mishri, snuff (Nus), alcohol etc
• They should eat balanced diet
• They should not be suffering from any
illness. If present, it should be treated
Psychological capacity
• Child’s responsibility should
be accepted happily
• Hence, they should be
prepared psychologically for
before conception
• They should think of
conception only after being
prepared
It is necessary that both partners (wife and husband)
are healthy and happy before conception
5
•Every pregnancy should be planned
•After you have planned about conception, contact nurse or doctor and get
information
•Woman should register immediately after she conceives and take proper
care. She should also enquire about the nearest place for ANC services
7. Probable risks
• Spontaneous abortion
• Preterm baby is born (weight, length of such baby is less,
baby is likely to die)
• Low birth weight baby (such baby is also likely to die)
• Still birth (baby doesn’t cry after birth, no movement;
born dead)
• Baby is likely to have congenital structural or
physiological anomalies
• Baby is likely to die within four weeks. This is called as
neonatal death. Baby is more likely to die in first week of
life
Such unfortunate incidences can be averted through
proper pre-conception care
Following adverse events may occur due to
unplanned parenting or if proper care is not taken
7
9. Examination of women before conception
• Examination should be done through doctor or nurse and all necessary
investigations suggested by them should be done
• Weight, height and blood pressure are simple standards. It should be
assured that they are normal
• Besides, tests like blood group, haemoglobin, initial test for sickle cell
anaemia, blood glucose should be done
• Husband’s blood group when wife is Rh negative, diagnostic test for sickle
cell anaemia, blood glucose level should be done if needed. Eg. Oral
Glucose Tolerance test for diabetes, electrophoresis for sickle cell anaemia
• Thyroid function test should also be done
• HIV and VDRL test after counselling for STD and if needed, husbands
testing and treatment of both partners should be done
• Besides any investigations advised by doctor should be done (eg blood test
for malaria)
• The results of the test should be communicated and understood by
women
Treatment as per the advice of doctor or nurse should be taken.
All these test and treatment will be done free of cost.
9
11. Woman’s age
• Physical and mental growth of the woman should be
complete before she conceives
• Avoid conception before 20 years age of a woman
• Probability of abortion is more if a woman conceives
before 20 years of age
• It is likely that such woman may have hypertension/ PIH
and be fatal for her life
• Baby may be preterm birth, low birth weight. So chances of
neonatal death increase
• Chances of still birth are more
Hence such women should use contraceptive pills,
injectable or males should use condoms regularly
Other women should use contraceptives like Cu-T
11
13. Ratio of weight and height (BMI)
There is a specific ratio of weight and height; weight of a woman
is proportional to her height. This is called as Body Mass Index
(BMI)
• If BMI of woman is low, baby born may have low birth weight and length
• Sometimes preterm baby may be born
• Obviously probability of neonatal death may increase
• Overweight women also have risk of delivering preterm and low birth baby. She may get
diabetes, hypertension etc.
• Complications during pregnancy/ delivery or later may occur and be at risk for mother
and baby
• Baby born to such mother may also acquire diabetes, hypertension in future
BMI is calculated as follows
Weight in kg. ÷ square of height in m. = BMI
Meaning of BMI
BMI <18 Low weight
BMI 18.5-24.9 Normal
BMI >25.0 Overweight
13
14. It is necessary that all people have
balance diet as per above figure
Fats:
Oil, ghee, butter, sweets etc
Non-veg :
Mutton, fish, eggs etc
Milk and milk products:
milk, curd, cheese etc
Fruits and vegetables:
banana, chickoo, guava,
fenugreek, spinach etc
Cereals: chapati, rice,
bhakari etc.
4 parts/ servings
3-4 parts/ servings
3 parts/ servings
2 parts/ servings
sparingly
14
Millets and legumes : Chana,
kidney beans, pigeon pea, green
gram, black gram
15. Diet
• Women who have low weight (BMI <18), they should have one
meal extra. They should include fish, eggs, chicken, mutton as well
as fats like oil, ghee in their diet. Besides, milk, curd, various pulses
i.e. dals should be included in their diet in larger quantity. Such
women should avoid fasting, or eat different food items stomachful
• Women who are overweight (BMI >25) should include fruits, leafy
vegetables in their diet. Their main diet should be chapati or
bhakari of sorghum (jowar) or ragi, dals pulses. Avoid eating sweet,
spicy and oily food. Exercises like circumambulation, walking,
working in farms should be performed
• BMI is based on our diet
• It is necessary that all have balance diet as per the food pyramid
• Fruits and vegetables should washed properly in salt / plane
water and then chopped
• Use iodized salt for cooking
•Avoid cold drinks like coke, pepsi and eating maggie, pizza etc
15
17. Treatment on abdominal worms
• Different bacteria and viruses are present in our body.
Few bacteria/ virus cause disease
• Different worms are also present in human intestine
• Generally worms are present in children
• But many times, worms may also be present in women
• Worms absorb nutrients from our body and grow
• Because of these worms, women may show symptoms
like weakness due to anaemia
• Hence deworming tablets should be consumed every six
months before conception to avoid above symptoms
• Tablets should also be taken even during pregnancy as
per mentioned above
17
19. Anaemia
• Hb below 12 gm% is called as anaemia
• Commonest cause of preterm and low birth weight baby is anaemia
• Haemorrhage during pregnancy or postnatal can be fatal in an
anaemic woman
• It is easy to prevent or treat anaemia
• Sickle cell anaemia is another type of anaemia, for which treatment
as per doctor’s consultation is necessary
• Parents should plan pregnancy only when haemoglobin is higher
than 12 gm%
• Take deworming tablets once in every six months
• Take iron tablets for minimum 3 months daily after dinner
• Include ragi, leafy vegetables, drumstick leaves vegetable, jaggery,
dates, fruits, mutton, chicken
• Use iron utensils like frying pan, griddle, spatula etc. for cooking
• Use lemon, tomato or Amla daily in diet
• Do not consume tea/ coffee after meal. Avoid over-consumption of
tea coffee
19
21. Folic acid
• Folic acid is very essential vitamin for foetal
development of brain and spinal cord
• Anomalies of brain and spinal cord may develop due to
deficiency of folic acid before conception
• In order to avoid this, women should consume folic
acid tables three months before conception and three
months during pregnancy in first trimester
• Tablets given to women having anaemia also contains
folic acid
• Leafy vegetables, especially spinach should be included
in diet. Pulses also contain folic acid in some amount.
21
22. It is essential to test blood group
before first pregnancy
22
23. Importance of blood group
• Blood group is commonly determined by two systems
• Four groups A, B, AB and O are there in first system
• Two groups Rh positive and negative are there in second
system
• It is essential to test blood group before first pregnancy
• It is very essential to test husband’s blood group if wife is
Rh negative. If husband’s blood group of such woman is Rh
positive, antibodies from mother pass to foetus and can be
fatal to baby
• The risk due to Rh group incompatibility is low during first
pregnancy and increases with parity
• Such women should be given injection before and after
delivery to reduce the risk to baby
23
24. If a woman is addicted to use of tobacco
substances, it may have effect on foetus
Tobacco causes cancer
24
25. Tobacco
• Smoking bidi/ cigarette, chewing tobacco/
gutkha, mishri, snuff are lethal. Many diseases
are caused due to them. There are about seven
thousand types of lethal chemicals in tobacco
substances
• If a woman is addicted to use of tobacco
substances in any form, it may have effect on
foetus
• Risk like abortion, preterm or low birth weight
baby, congenital anomalies or still birth may
occur
• It is necessary for a woman to refrain from these
addictions before pregnancy
25
27. Adverse effects of alcohol consumption
• Alcohol consumption has severe effect on growth of women and
her baby
• It may cause problems in women like menstrual irregularity,
infertility etc
• It may cause congenital anomalies in baby or affect growth of brain
and spinal cord
• Baby may be have less length, low birth weight and small head
circumference
• Baby may have cognitive impairment and may affect sight and
hearing, or organs like heart and kidney
• Face may be unusual especially eyes and philtrum
• May have behavioural problems (eg hyperactivity, instability etc)
• May have problems in child’s school progress or psychological
problems (eg mental retardation)
• Hence women should avoid alcohol consumption (Tadi, Madi,
country/ branded) before conception
27
28. Wife-husband both should undergo
investigations and treatment as per the advice
of a doctor for a healthy baby
28
29. Sexually transmitted infections
• Sexual diseases are infectious. They may be present in
both partners (wife and husband)
• Symptoms like frequent lower abdominal pain, white
discharge, groin nodule, burning sensation while
urinating, itching etc. may occur
• This may lead to problems like infertility or abortion,
ectopic pregnancy (foetus outside uterus) etc.
• Baby may be preterm or low birth weight
• It is more likely that still birth or neonatal death may
occur
Hence it is necessary that wife-husband both undergo
HIV and VDRL investigations and treatment as per the
advice of a doctor
29
30. Future parents should take care as per the
information about preconception services
We can definitely achieve our goal
through this
HEALTHY PARENTS, HEALTHY CHILDREN