3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• The aim of the chapter is to make students to
present data in textual and Tabular format including
the technique of creating frequency distribution
and working out bi-variate distribution table
4. LEARNING OUTCOMES
• After the Chapter, The Students Shall be able to
Describe and Understand the Rules & Types of
Classification, Frequency Distribution, Class Interval
& its Types, Basic Principles Tabulation and The
Sorting of Data.
5. SESSION - 10
• Preparation of Frequency Distribution Table -
Continuous Series Problems ----------- 01
6. CONTINUOUS FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
• In statistics Frequency distribution continuous is an
arrangement of the values that one or more variables
take in a sample.
• Each entry in the table contains the frequency or count
of the occurrences of values within a particular group
or interval, and in this way, the table summarizes the
distribution of values in the sample.
7. CONTD
• Data collected from tests and experiments may have
little meaning to the investigator until they have been
arranged or classified in some systematic way.
• The steps in grouping may be summarized as follows:
1. Decide on the number of classes.
2. Determine the range, i.e., the difference
between the highest and lowest observations in the
data.
3. Divide range by the number of classes to
estimate approximate size of the interval (h or C).
8. CONTD
4. Find the lower class limit of the lowest class and
add to it the class- interval to get the upper class
limit.
5. Obtain class-limits for the remaining classes by
adding the class-interval to the limits of the
previous class.
6. Count numbers of frequencies in each class and
check against the total number of observations
9. EXAMPLE
• Consider the following marks (out of 50) obtained in
Mathematics by 60 students of Class VIII:
21, 10, 30, 22, 33, 5 , 37, 12, 25, 42, 15, 39, 26, 32, 18,
27, 28, 19, 29, 35, 31, 24,36, 18, 20, 38, 22, 44, 16, 24,
10, 27, 39, 28, 49, 29, 32, 23, 31, 21, 34, 22, 23, 36, 24,
36, 33, 47, 48, 50 , 39, 20, 7, 16, 36, 45, 47, 30, 22, 17.
Construct grouped frequency distribution table taking
10 Class interval.
10. CONTD
CLASS INTERVAL TALLY MARKS FREQUENCY
0-10 II 02
10-20 IIII IIII 10
20-30 IIII IIII IIII IIII I 21
30-40 IIII IIII IIII IIII 19
40-50 IIII II 07
50-60 I 01
TOTAL 60
11. SUMMARY
As we already discussed and learnt today on
Classifications and Tabulation as below
• Preparation of Frequency Distribution Table -
Continuous Series Problems ----------- 01
12. MCQs
1 . The grouped data are called:
(a) Primary data
(b) Secondary data
(c) Raw data
(d) Difficult to tell
2 . A series of data with exclusive classes along with the
corresponding frequencies is called:
(a) Discrete frequency distribution
(b) Continuous frequency distribution
(c) Percentage frequency distribution
(d) Cumulative frequency distribution
13. MCQs
3 . In an exclusive classification, the limits excluded are
(a) Upper limits
(b) Lower limits
(c) Both lower and upper limits
(d) Either lower or upper limits
4 . Weights; 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40
No.of items 10, 15, 30 , 10, 5,
The above series is categorized as:
(a) Continuous series
(b) Discrete series
(c) Time series
(d) Geometric series
14. MCQs
5 . The number of classes in a frequency distribution is
obtained by dividing the range of variable by the:
(a) Total frequency
(b) Class interval
(c) Mid-point
(d) Relative frequency
16. REFERENCES
• S.P. Gupta, Sultan Chand and Sons Publications, 2017
• S. C. Gupta, Himalaya Publishing House,
Fundamentals of Statistics, 2018
• R.S.N Pillai and Bagavathi, S.Chand publications, 2010