This presentation shows the detail knowledge about EEG. It contains slides with animation. You can build your own concept to explain the slide. Best view in 16:9 ratio.

1. Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
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10
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Psychological
Hearing
Brain Disabilities
Visual
10 percent of total population
are disabled…
25%
Thought
Detection
via BCI
Project to Communicate…
Team Members:
Akhilesh Kr. Mishra (1464110002)
Ankita Singh (1464110007)
Kritika Soni (1464110020)
Mohd. Azaharuddin (1464110027)
Shubham Jaiswal (1464110049)
Under the Guidance of:
Mr. Amit Kumar Maurya
(Asst. Professor)

2. 22%
Motivation behind the Project1.
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Deep Dive in Brain2.
Brain Computer Interface3.
Project Objective4.
Setting the Environments5.
Final Implementation 6.
Pros and Cons 7.
Real-Time Implementation 8.
Work Till Now 9.
Output & References 10.

3. MOTIVATION
Working with the concept of EEG
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4. Human brain generates a very low frequency electric signals and are divided
into four, that are – beta, alpha, theta, delta.
Beta brainwaves are generated at the time of Alert/working ranges from 12
to 30 Hz. (E.g. A person in active conversation would be in beta.)
Alpha brainwaves are generated at the time of Relaxed/Reflecting. Their
frequency ranges from 9 to 14 cycles per second. (E.g. A person who takes a
break from a conference and walks in the garden is often in an alpha state)
Theta brainwaves frequency ranges from 5 to 8 cycles per second. (E.g. A
person who has taken time off from a task and begins to daydream is often in a
theta brainwave state.)
Delta brainwaves frequency ranges from 1.4 to 5 cycles per second. They never
go down to zero because that would mean that you were brain dead.
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5. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE:
A BCI is a device that consists of sensors that measure brain signals
(often in the form of ‘electrodes’).
An amplifier to boost the faint brain signals, and a computer that
translates the signals into commands to control computer programs
and/or devices.
How BCI Works?
Brain Signals
A BCI records and interprets or decodes brain signals. Brain cells
(neurons) communicate with each other by sending and receiving very
small electrical signals.
It is possible to ‘listen’ to these signals (generally referred to as ‘brain
activity’) with advanced electrical sensors.
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All interaction of a person (such as speaking or shaking hands) requires
precise communication between the brain and muscles.
Medical conditions such as stroke or neuromuscular diseases can disrupt
or break the communication between the brain and body muscles and
lead to paralysis (or the loss of the ability to control one’s body, such as
cerebral palsy).
However, in many cases the brain is still able to generate the activity for
intended movements and a BCI can use the brain activity to control
assistive devices.
Measuring Brain Signals
Brain signals can be measured with various techniques that each have
pros and cons.
A commonly used technique (for example used for neurological testing
in hospitals) is electroencephalogram (EEG).
This technique uses electrical sensors (electrodes) that are places on the
scalp.
Electrodes can also be placed under the scalp directly on or in the brain
tissue. A surgical procedure is necessary to place such electrodes.
Electrodes that are placed on the surface of the brain do not damage the
brain. The quality of this signal is significantly better that signals
recorded from the scalp.

6. Thought detection via BCI (Brain Control Interface) acts as the interface between the
human brain and an external device like computer. It can communicate with the brain
waves to the external devices in order to parse them and convert it into a meaningful
information.
The main purpose of Thought detection via BCI is to detect, observe, analyse, process
and map the data of the human brain.
First objective is to show the graphical representation of human brain’s signal.
Once we achieve our first objective, we look forward to write English alphabet letters
only by thinking of that letter.
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7. Hardware
• Arduino Uno R3
• EEG (electroencephalogram)
Software
Operating System – Ubuntu
Arduino Editor – Arduino IDE 1.0.5
Arduino Simulator – Proteus 8
Professional
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8. We assemble the parts which are being used in EEG, to use it to amplify the low
frequency electric signals generated by human brain. Component list to build EEG are
given below.
Instrumentation
Amplifier –AD620AN
Quad Op-Amp –
TL084CN
10 nF, Ceramic
(Capacitor)
20 nF, Ceramic
(Capacitor)
100 nF, tantalum
(Capacitor)
220 nF, tantalum
(Capacitor)
1 uF, electrolytic
(Capacitor)
10 uF, electrolytic
(Capacitor)
1 KΩ Potentiometer 12 KΩ (Resister) 220 KΩ (Resister) 560 KΩ (Resister)
22 KΩ (Resister) 47 KΩ (Resister) 100 KΩ (Resister) 180 KΩ (Resister)
220 KΩ (Resister) 270 KΩ (Resister) 1 MΩ (Resister) Breadboard
Jumper wires 3.5 mm audio cable 9 V batteries Electrode gel
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9. Architecture to build an EEG.
Once we’re done with assembling the parts, the next step is to getting the
higher frequency from EEG and then using those signals to do some
specific tasks, such as writing English alphabets.
The next step is to attaching the Arduino with the EEG and writing the
appropriate code for Arduino to write the alphabetical letters.
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10. ▪ Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind.
▪ Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them to see.
▪ Transmit auditory data to the mind of a def person, allowing them to hear.
▪ Allow gamers to control video games with their minds.
▪ Allow a mute person to have their thoughts displayed and spoken by a computer.
ProsCons
• Research is still in beginning stages.
• The current technology is crude.
• Ethical issues may prevent its development.
• Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the brain.
• Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain
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11. • Brain computer interface technology represents a highly growing field of research with
application systems.
• Its contributions in medical fields range from prevention to neuronal rehabilitation for
serious injuries.
• Mind reading and remote communication have their unique fingerprint in numerous
fields such as educational, self-regulation, production, marketing, security as well as
games and entertainment.
• It creates a mutual understanding between users and the surrounding systems.
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12. Current Position->
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Where we are?
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14. • Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies (ACCT), 2015 Fifth
International Conference, ISSN: 2327-0659
• Recent and Emerging trends in Computer and Computational Sciences (RETCOMP),
2015, INSPEC Accession Number: 15076365
• IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering ( Volume:
14, Issue: 2, June 2006 ), Page 202-204, PubMed ID: 16792294,
• Books:
• Neural Network (Elsevier, FAUSET)
• Artificial Intelligence ( Stuart Rusell, Edition 2006)
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