The document discusses brain-machine interfaces (BMI). It begins with an introduction to BMI, explaining that it allows communication between the brain and machines by collecting, interpreting, and outputting commands based on brain signals. It then provides details on brain structure and function, how EEG is used to detect electrical signals in the brain, applications of BMI like restoring motor function, and current BMI projects. It concludes that BMI is an advancing technology with potential therapeutic benefits and high technological impact.

1. ANDHRA LOYOLA INISTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SEMINAR TOPIC –BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE
GUDIED BY:
P.KOTESWRRAO ,M.tech.
Assistant professor dept of ece,aliet.
PREPARED BY:
SHAIK YUSUF VIDYA SAGAR
16HP1A04B9 (ECE)

2. CONTENTS
 Abstract
 Introduction to brain machine interface
 principal
 Brain function
 Working of BMI
 Block diagram
 Applications of BMI
 On board projects of BMI
 Conclusion
 References

3. ABSTRACT
Brain computer interface technology represents highly growing field of research
with application systems.
It contributes in medical fields range from prevention of nuranal rehabitation for
serious injuries.
 BMI hold promise for the restoration of sensory and motor function and the
treatment of neurological disorders, clinical.
BMI shave not yet been widely adopted ,in part because modest channel counts
have limited their potential.
The brain-machine interface (BMI) enables us to control machine and to
communicate with others, not with the use of the input devices, but through direct
use of brain signals.

4. INTRODUCTION
Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are systems that allow communication between
the brain and various machines.
They work in three main steps: collecting brain signals, interpreting them and
outputting commands to a connected machine according to the brain signal
received.
 BCI can be applied to a variety of tasks, including but not limited to
neurofeedback, restoring motor function to paralyzed patients, allowing
communication with locked in patients and improving sensory processing.

5. principal
This interface is bioelectrical activity of nerves and muscles
Brain composed of millions of neurons these neurons work together
n complex logic and produce thought and signals that control body
Neurons represent information in the rate statistics and presize timing
of spikes

7. Brain function

8. Working
The cerebral cortex (or cerebrum) is divided into four main sections called lobes
1. Frontal lobe
2. parietal lobe,
3. temporal lobe and
4. occipital lobe.

10. .
The brain is constantly generating electric signals. The skull and skin of the head
are very good electrical insulators though, making difficult to record from
individual neurons. But when a big number of neurons do the same thing at the
same time, it is possible to see the activity with electrodes placed on the surface of
the scalp.

11. Structure of neuron
In the human brain, each nerve is connected to approximately 10,000 other
nerves, mostly through dendritic connections.
When the neurons communicate, currents occurs: an electrical signal is
transmitted along an axon or a dendrite.
The electrical signal at the end of the axon is converted into a chemical signal and
the axon releases chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.
The neurotransmitters travel through the synapse to the dendrite and are converted
back to electrical signals.

12. Neuron struture

13. Working of BMI
Brain machine interface allows activity of brain to be sent or receive information
from a computer.
It attempts to mesh or combine our brain with machine.
It is a communication system which enables user to control special computer
applications by using only his or her toughts
It will allow brain to accept and control a mechanical device as a part of the body

14. Basic model of BMI

15. Electroencephalography(EEG)
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test used to evaluate the electrical activity in
the brain.
Brain cells communicate with each other through electrical impulses.
An EEG tracks and records brain wave patterns.
 Small flat metal discs called electrodes are attached to the scalp with wires.
The electrodes analyze the electrical impulses in the brain and send signals to a
computer that records the results.

17. Electroencephalography(EEG)
EEG measures the electric activity happening in the brain. What is recorded is the
voltage difference between minimum 2 electrodes.
The EEG needs to be recorded simultaneously from multiple electrodes, in order
to interpret ERP.
During synaptic excitation of the dendrites in the neurons, electric currents are
generated and picked up by the EEG.
Because the signal detected is poor, being the electrodes far from the neurons and
having the signal to travel through bones and skull, to record the electric flow is
then required an amplifier.

18. APPLICATIONS OF BMI
Bionics/cybernetics.
Memory upload/download.
Dream capture.
Brain as a computer.
Search engine through brain.

19. Onboards project of BMI
Neura link
Brain controlled home automation
Brain controlled automatic braking system
Neuro telepathy
Neuro lucid dreaming
B-moment

20. conclusion
A potential therpeuatic tool.
It is an advancing technology promising in paradign shift in area like machine
control,human enhancement,virtual reality etc.,
Potentially high impact on technology.
Overcoming of diablites due to stroke.
Intence research and development is taking place.

21. Refernces
Sixto Ortiz jr.: ‘brain-computer interface; where human machine meet,’vol
40.no.1 pp17-21,jan.2007.
The MIT press- brain computer interface
P.Sajida ,kr muller ,brain computer interface –IEEE journal 2008
Wikipedia-bmi
 and website -Nerotechedu.com