Automatic vegetable cutting machine increases food production

Automatic Vegetable Cutting Machine
Diploma In Mechatronics Page 1
INTRODUCTION
Advancements in manufacturing technology allow companies to
rapidly produce products. This has provoked a trend to reduce bulk
inventory in favour of short term supplies. Although this allows corporations
more financial freedom, it requires warehouses to accommodate
temporary, selective storage. Improved product handling and speed can be
achieved with the implementation of an Automatic vegetable cutting
machine.
In a traditional warehouse, human safety governs the productivity.
With the help of sensors and controller can safely achieve higher speeds.
Precision cutting for higher production.
The introduction of automatic vegetable cutting machines is
implemented in large scale food factories it plays a favourable effects on
safety. With aid of sensors, will detect the vegetables and flow in correct
path.
High demands on manufacturers for this auto machine to increase
the production of the product. Human error has a negative effect on safety,
efficiency, and quality. These expenses are reduced with the introduction
of an Automatic vegetable cutting machine.
For food factories and mega restaurants and kitchen new many
monetary benefits to investing in intelligent machinery. The workforce
required to run the food industry and the additional overhead required to
support that overhead will be drastically reduced. Increased production
faster will result in more satisfied customers. Also, automation reduces the
risks of personal injury.
The Automatic vegetable cutting machine required the capability to
cut all types of vegetables and the cutting blade is stain less steel to cut in
accurate slice shaped once the cutting process is completed its destination.
Two types of actuation where needed to come into storage box and packing
of the vegetables. Drive motors (rack and pinon) are added the function of
movement, to vary the sustain load of the vegetable with the help of the
load sensors.

AIM
To make an AUTOMATIC VEGETABLE CUTTING MACHINE, to reduce man
power, cost and operation time. And provide all round technical assistance
to the clients regarding there packaging and safety.
OBJECTIVE SCOPE
 To have basic idea about an AUTOMATIC VEGETABLE CUTTING
MACHINE.
 To reduce man power in food industries and to increase the
production rate
 To understand the working and construction of the machine.
 To have a basic idea about working of sensors, motors and
motor driver circuit with microcontroller.
 To enhance our skills in electronics, mechanical, embedded
system
 Knowledge in selection of components according to the function
and requirements.
 To have a basic idea in Mechatronics system design.
 To perform low cost and low power automation.
 Exposure in trying out new methods and rectification of the
systems.
TARGET
“Automatic vegetable cutting machine” can be installed in mass
production area to reduce man power cost and operation time. And to
perform low cost automation.

ACTIVITY
The workflow of our project is described by process by process using flow
diagram.
Step1 - Analysing the current goods transferring system.
Step2 - Referring some information from the resources.
Step3 - Data collection (dimensions of the hardware and specification of
the components)
Step4 - Following the below activity flow diagram.
`
Buildingthe physical
structure
Building the pallet
to hold the goods
Placing the motors
for rack & pinion
Connecting the
motor driver circuit
and sensors to
actuate compressor
Program designing
Assembling of all
the parts together
Checking the
program
Burning the
program Connect the circuit

DATA COLLECTION
For designing and building up this project we have collected
information from the following websites which helped us to gain more
knowledge about our projects.
We have collected data from internet and from the external
resources.
We have referred the books related to electronics, electrical,
embedded and programming. The books and websites are as follows:
BOOKS
Basics of electrical– B.L. The raja
Principles of electronics – Bashir
Embedded system – Mr.K. Surendhar
Microprocessor and Microcontroller – Mr. K. Surendhar
Fundamentals of electronics – Albert Melvin
WEBSITES
www.haworldonline.com/Links.html
https://books.google.co.in/book
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_automation
www.accountingweb.com/technology/.../microsoft-excel-how-to-automate-text-file-li..

ANALYSIS
It is done based on PQCDSM analysis
PRODUCTION
The production in increased when compared to manual operation.
In manual process time taken for cutting vegetables is more when
compared to do the same with the automation.
It takes more manpower for cutting the vegetable manually by
processing this by automation the manpower reduced
And also the vegetable cutting process rate will be constant.
QUALITY
Quantity of vegetable cutting is increased by processing it by
automation.
It means the cutted vegetable in its path and storage will be done in
a proper manner.
DELIVERY
PPM: Parts Per Minute
Number of objects transferred per minute is 3 (approximately for a
certain distance)
So each part takes 20 secs to be transferred
So the delivery rate is graphically represented in the bar graph shown
below

SAFETY
In order to ensure safety and to prevent accidents a sensor is placed
in the front of cutting process. If any interrupt through the cutting area
then it stops.
In our project we are using only 12v power supply. So, there will be
no chance for shock due to short circuit. As we are not using any heavy
material. In our project, there will be no injury for human. Even a sharp
material what we are using is also been Fabricated it in such a way that it
doesn’t hurt human.
PROJECT RELEVANCE
The main objective of our project is to design an Automatic vegetable
cutting machine which is a low cost automation. By which it meets the
increase in the production and. And also the quantity of the product should
be ensured.
For reference we browsed in web and referred some books
 www.electronicsforu.com
0
2
4
6
8
10
Manual Automation
1 min
2 mins
3 mins

Books referred
Basics of electrical volume 1 – B.L. The raja
Basics of electrical volume 2 – B.L. The raja
Principles of electronics – Bashir
Embedded system – Mr.K. Surendhar
Microprocessor and Microcontroller – Mr.K. Surendhar
Fundamentals of electronics – Albert Melvin
RELEVANT LITERATURE SURVEY
In the small scale industries, because of cost and power factor
they do not buy the automated vegetable cutting machine and so they
produce the smaller quantities of products manually. So we have designed
the automatic vegetable cutting machine in order to be implemented in
small scale industries and received feedback.
The sample form is shown below.

CUSTOMER REQUIRMENT
Our project has satisfied some of the customer needs.
After implementing and receiving the feedback form we came
to know that they required some changes in our project for varying weight
of the load and to improve the battery backup.
DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
After the analysing of the feedback we came to know that we
can do some alteration in these fields to satisfy the customer requirement.
Alteration to be done: -
 High torque motors should be replaced with the existing motors.
Estimated cost for implementing this design alternative: -
Rs2000/-

DESIGN STEPS
BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

MICROCONTROLLER – PIC16F877A
The PIC microcontroller PIC16f877a is one of the most
renowned microcontrollers in the industry. This controller is very
convenient to use, the coding or programming of this controller is also
easier. One of the main advantages is that it can be write-erase as many
times as possible because it uses FLASH memory technology. It has a total
number of 40 pins and there are 33 pins for input and output. PIC16F877A
is used in many pic microcontroller projects. PIC16F877A also have many
applications in digital electronics circuits.

POWER SUPPLY
A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric
energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to
convert one form of electrical energy to another and, as a result, power
supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some
power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built
into larger devices along with their loads. Examples of the latter include
power supplies found in consumer electronics devices.
GEARED DC MOTOR
We are using two 12v geared DC motors in vehicle to create the motion of
the vehicle in order to move it in forward and reverse.
IR Module

IR modules are used to detect the obstacles and the line or
the path which it has to follow
We are using four IR Modules
 Two for the detection of the line
 One for detecting the obstacle
 One for detecting the load
MOTOR DRIVER
ULN2003A is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which
allows DC motor to drive on eitherdirection. ULN2003A is a 16-pin IC which
can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any direction. It
means that you can control two DC motor with a single ULN2003A IC.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM

MATERIAL SELECTION
First, we decide on the requirements of the project. Second, we
decide on the possible materials we can use in the project. Third, we decide
what changes in the material properties are needed. Lastly, we decide
which material out of the possible materials best fulfils the requirements of
the project given possible changes in the material properties.
In our project the physical structure is mainly made up of
plywood. As the material is lower cost and easily available
DESIGN CALCULATION
12V DC POWER SUPPLY DESIGN
TRANSFORMER DESIGN
Required output voltage =12V / 1A D.C
The regulator output is less than 3V of the regulator input.
So the regulator input = 12V+3V=15V
So Vdc=15V
Vrms=Vdc/0.9
So Vrms = 15/0.9
Vrms = 16.6V
10% margin voltage = 16.6+10% 0F 16.6
= 16.6+1.66=18.2V
Transformer: - 230V / 18V, 1A
VOLTAGE REGULATOR CIRCUIT DESIGN
From Data sheet: -
Vref = 1.25volts
Iadj = 100μA

Assume:-R1 = 220Ω
Vout= Vref (1+R2/R1) + (Iadj) R2
Output Volt (required) = 15V
Vout = Vref (1+R2/R1) + (Iadj) R2
12V = 1.25 * (1+R2/220) + (100*10 -6) R2
12 – 1.25 = 1.25R2/220 +0.1*10 -3
10.75 = 5.69* 10 -3 R2+0.1 * 10-3 R2
10.75 = 5. 79 * 10-3 R2
R2 = 10.75/5.79*10-3
R2 = 1.8kΩ
CURRENT LIMITING
Output current= 1A
Transistor volt for 2N2222 = 600mV
So, R3 = 0.6V/1A (ohms law R = V/I)
R3=0.6Ω
R4 = 3R3
R4 =2*0.6Ω
R4= 1.2Ω

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Designing the circuit
Making the physical
structure
Making the conveyor
system
Programming
Checking the program
Burning the program
Assemble everything
Check the output

COST ESTIMATION
TOTAL = RS.2500
Sl.no components specification quantity prize
1 Rack and
pinion
- 2 ₹300
2 Dc motor 4 ₹600
3 Load cell 1 ₹350
4 IR sensor 1 ₹50
5 Stainless blade 1 ₹200
6 Sac 1 ₹800
7 Conveyor belt 1 ₹200

ASSEMBLY DRAWING
SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW

DIMENSION

BILL OF MATERIAL
POWER SUPPLY
S.no Components Symbols Quantity
1 1N4007 Diode D1 to D4 4
2 IC 7812 - 1
3 IC 7805 - 1
4 0.1 Micro farad
Capacitor
C1,C3 2
5 2200 Micro farad
Capacitor
C2,C4 1
PIC MODULE
1 PIC16F877A
-
1
2 CONNECTORS CN1 TO CN4 4
3 10 MICRO FARAD
CAPACITOR
C1 1
4 10K RESISTOR R1 1

IR SENSOR
1 10K Resistor R1 to R2 2
2 100K Resistor R3 1
3 IC LM358 - 1
4 330 Ohms
Resistors
R4 1
5 Photo diode D1 1
6 LED D2 to D3 2
PART LIST
DC Motors
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that
converts direct current electrical power into mechanical power. The most
common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields.
We have used 2 motors in our project. For the movement of the robot
forward, reverse, left & right

IR Module
IR modules are used to detect the obstacles and the line or
the path which it has to follow
We are using two IR Modules
 Two for the detection of the line
 One for detecting the obstacle
 One for detecting the load
RACK AND PINION MECHANISAM
Rack and pinion mechanism which is used like a gate wall to the
conveyor for step by step process which works on the principle of the
reciprocating system.

LOAD SENSOR CELL
Which checks the weight of the objects it is used in our project to
maintain the accurate quantity in standard manner.
SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER (SAC)
Which acts like a press tool object to cut the raw vegetables into
slices it actuates with the help of the compressor pressure.

STAIN LESS STEEL BLADE
Which is cutter blade which cuts the smoothness particle like
vegetables into slices it doesn’t rust for long period of time which can
sustain number of time it maintains accurate quantity while the cutting
process is happened.
WORKING
 With the help of this machine we can be able to cut the vegetables
automatically.
 We are doing this using PIC16F877A.
 We are using IR Modules, load cell, 12V DC motor, motor driver to
interface between microcontroller and motor.
 The machine follows the line with the help of sensors and by the
program the actuation of cylinder can be controlled.
 The object reaches the station 1 which the load is placed it detects
weight and moves on, and goes to the station 2 which is the dropping
station there the vegetables waits for the load to be taken once it is
over, open the rack & pinion and the object goes to cutting process
and again it goes to the storage box
 This process repeats again.

PROGRAM
LIST P=16F877A
#INCLUDE<P16F877A.INC>
__CONFIG 3F7A
START
BSF STATUS,RP0
MOVLW 00H
MOVWF TRISB
BCF STATUS,RP0
X1:CALL DELAY1
CALL DELAY2
CALL DELAY1
CALL DELAY2
DECFSZ 06H
GOTO X1
CALL DELAY3
DELAY1:MOVLW 0FFH
MOVWF 25H
MOVWF 26H
A1:DECFSZ 25H
GOTO A1
DECFSZ 26H
GOTO A1
RETURN

DELAY2:MOVLW 0FH
MOVWF 25H
MOVWF 26H
A1:DECFSZ 25H
GOTO A1
DECFSZ 26H
GOTO A1
RETURN
DELAY3:MOVLW 0FAH
MOVWF 25H
MOVWF 26H
A1:DECFSZ 25H
GOTO A1
DECFSZ 26H
GOTO A1
RETURN
END

PHOTOGRAPH
CONCLUSION

By doing this project we have got more knowledge in various
fields like electronics, mechanical, embedded systems. The Automatic
vegetable cutting machine can be used in any industry which requires to
maintain the standard quality and reduces the manual power in short span
period of time. Once the vegetable cutting machine is runned the object
comes to conveyor system and vary the weight through load cell sensor
and with help of pneumatic cylinder the blade cuts the vegetable and this
process is repeated.

Automatic vegetable cutting machine increases food production

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