Cyathodium bryophyte: morphology, anatomy, reproduction etc.
1.pdf
1. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com
Pressure ( P )
Above atmospheric
Below atmospheric
2. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com
Temperature ( T )
3. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com
Thermodynamic State, Process, and Cycle
T
S
P
S
T
v
P
v
h
S
Cycle
3
.
؟؟ ي
منحن ي
عل الخصائص ي
ف حصل ي
الل ر
التغيي ترسم ايزا
4. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com
Pure substance model
Has a fixed chemical composition throughout its phase change from one phase to another
Not Pure Substance
(1) Ideal gas model
(2) Real gas model
ideal-gas equation of state.
5. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com
Q
Saturation temperature (Tsat) : is the temperature at
which a pure substance changes phase.