This document discusses key concepts in thermodynamics including pressure, temperature, thermodynamic state, process and cycle, pure and non-pure substance models, saturation temperature, and heat transfer. Specific variables discussed include pressure (P), temperature (T), entropy (S), specific volume (v), and enthalpy (h). Pure substances are defined as having a fixed chemical composition during phase changes, while non-pure substances include ideal gas and real gas models.

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Pressure ( P )
Above atmospheric
Below atmospheric

2. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com
Temperature ( T )

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Thermodynamic State, Process, and Cycle
T
S
P
S
T
v
P
v
h
S
Cycle
3
.
‫؟؟‬ ‫ي‬
‫منحن‬ ‫ي‬
‫عل‬ ‫الخصائص‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫ي‬
‫الل‬ ‫ر‬
‫التغيي‬ ‫ترسم‬ ‫اي‬‫ز‬‫ا‬

4. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com
Pure substance model
Has a fixed chemical composition throughout its phase change from one phase to another
Not Pure Substance
(1) Ideal gas model
(2) Real gas model
ideal-gas equation of state.

5. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com
Q
Saturation temperature (Tsat) : is the temperature at
which a pure substance changes phase.

6. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com

7. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com

8. Ahmed Medhat - Thermodynamics 1 - ahmedhatfa@hotmail.com