AL-Nahrin university \college of biotechnology presented by ahmed dheyaa at 18/11/2017

1. ANTI-PARASITIC
SECONDARY
METABOLITESBy:Ahmed Dheyaa AL-turki

2. Parasite : is an organism that lives on or in the host and gets its food from or at
the expense its host. Parasites can cause disease in human. Some parasites are
easily treat and some are not.
Anti parasitic: are class of medications which are indicated for the treatment of
parasitic diseases such are nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, infection protozoa
and amoeba.

3. Anti-parasitic
drug
Anthelmintic drug
EctoparasiteAntiprotozoal

4. Trypanomiasis: are widely distributed blood parasites of animals. Humans
are infected by T. brucei gambiense and T. b. rodesiense causing sleeping sickness
or Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT).
A number of medicinal plants and secondary metabolites isolated from them have
been screened for anti-trypanosomal activity Active natural products include
several groups of alkaloids, phenolic, saponins, cardiac glycosides, other
terpenoids, and polyacetylenes (common in Apiaceae, Asteraceae and Araliaceae)

5.  Sanguinarine is a toxic polycyclic ammonium ion. It is extracted from some
plants, including the bloodroot plant, from whose taxonomic name,
Sanguinaria canadensis, its name is drawn; the Mexican prickly poppy.
 Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of
benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. It is found in such plants as Berberis (e.g.
Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree turmeric) and many
species of Papaveraceae.

6. Sanguinaria canadensis Berberis aristata

7. Trypanosomes have a single large mitochondrion, the kinetoplast, which
contains several interlocked small (1 kb) and large (23 kb) circular
mtDNA molecules (kDNA). Natural products which intercalate DNA
target the sensitive kDNA. This has been shown in a comparative study
with different groups of natural products Alkaloids which intercalate
DNA such as berberine and sanguinarine exhibited IC50 values in the
micromolar range. Sanguinarine is also an inhibitor of microtubule
formation

8. Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania
which invade macrophages of host organisms. A distinction is made between
cutaneous, mucocutaneous, visceral and diffuse leishmaniasis, of which visceral
leishmaniasis is a fatal disease causing approximately 60,000 death per year.
Among natural products, berberine (which occurs in many TCM plants) had
promising anti-leishmanial activities also plant extract like flavonoids which
have direct effect in this parasites

9.  Active flavanones and flavonoids were reported from Baccharis retusa
(Asteraceae) and (Crassulaceae).
 A family of biologically active polyphenolic compounds found in fruits (in
particular in the pulp thereof), vegetables, tea and red wine, which are
chemically similar to tannins which are potent antioxidants and effective
platelet inhibitors.

10.  All living cells are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer, the cell membrane. It
functions as a permeation barrier to prevent the escape of cellular metabolites but
also controls an uncontrolled entry of polar or toxic exogenous compounds. If
fluidity or permeability of the biomembrane are disturbed by natural products
with detergent properties
 Small lipophilic secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids as found in the
essential oil of many plants and some phenolic compund (especially in Asteraceae)
can dissolve in biomembranes and disturb their fluidity and the function of
membrane proteins

12.  a large diversity of worms belonging to different classes of invertebrates
(Nematoda, Cestoda, Trematoda) can parasitize humans. Especially
schistosomiasis and other helminth-mediated diseases affect several million
humans.

13. Schistosomiasis: also known as bilharziasis or snail fever, is a primarily
tropical parasitic disease caused by the larvae of one or more of five types
of flatworms or blood flukes known as schistosomes.
Curcumin and derivatives from Curcuma plants (Zingiberaceae) are
parasiticidal in Schistosoma

14.  Curcuma use in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent and treat
postapartum urine bleeding .is highly in elevating glycogen content in
hepatosplenic Sch. Mansoni
 Curcuma longa exhibited the strongest anti-thrombotic activity ,anti-oxidative
and hypolipodemic action of curcum its responsible for its protection role.