Introduction Definition Characteristics of poisonous plant Microbial and plant poisons Classification of poisonous plants Various plants ( local name, biological source, family, constituents, mediated part and uses)

1.  poisonous plants
 presented by
 Ferdows Ahmed
 Roll:570
 Batch: 19th
 Department of pharmacy
 World university of Bangladesh

2. Introduction
Definition
Characteristics of poisonous plant
Microbial and plant poisons
Classification of poisonous plants
Various plants ( local name, biological source,
family, constituents, mediated part and uses)

3. Plants contain a large number of biologically
active chemicals. Some of these have been
found to be extremely useful for treating various
human and animal diseases. However, some
plant constituents produce adverse health
effects following exposure. The onset of these
adverse effects can be quite sudden or take
some time to develop. Fortunately, there are
relatively few plants that, when ingested, cause
acute life-threatening illnesses.

4. Poisonous plants: Poisonous plants are
those plants that produce toxins that deter
herbivores from consuming them. ... Over
millennia, through the process of natural
selection, plants have evolved the means
to produce a vast and complicated array of
chemical compounds in order to deter
herbivores A plant that when touched or
ingested in sufficient quantity can be
harmful or fatal to an organism.

5. Poisonous plants are causes disease and
death of livestock.
Poisonous plants are damages around
other plan.
Poisonous plant can be direct or indirect
and include death, poor production (for
example, loss of milk yield)
Poisonous plants are causes reproductive
failure (abortions, stillbirths, birth defects, and
failure to become pregnant.

6. CLASSIFICATION OF POISONOUS PLANTS
No completely satisfactory system has been
established for the classification of poisonous
plants. For convenience, however, they are
sometimes grouped according to the parts of
the body on which they act.
BLOOD POISONS
NERVE POISONS
NEUROMUSCULAR POISONS
MUSCULAR POISONS
SKIN IRRITANTS
OTHER TYPES OF POISONS

7. Blood poisons affect the ability of blood to
carry oxygen or hamper the functioning of
the circulatory system. The glycosides
produced by various species of cherries
are potential blood toxins, though the fruits
must be consumed in large quantities to be
toxic. The seeds of the castor bean
(Ricinus communis) contain the toxalbumin
ricin.

8. Castor-bean plants are native to tropical
regions and are widely cultivated in
temperate areas of the united states

9. These poisons directly affect the nervous
system. The flowers and seeds of jimsonweed
(Datura stramonium) contain very powerful
nerve poisons, hyoscine and atropine.
Jimsonweed is widespread in Europe and
North America, and its large white flowers
make it especially attractive to children. The
toxic effects include headache, nausea,
dizziness, thirst, and a dry, burning sensation
in the skin. This may be followed by mental
confusion and loss of memory.

10. Belladonna (Atropa belladonna) and
black

11. Poisons that interfere with the transmission of
impulses from the nerves to the muscles are called
neuromuscular poisons.

12. Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) contains
several poisonous chemicals, including
digitoxigen and several glycosides. The
plant is native to Europe, but it is grown in
temperate regions throughout the world.
Among the early symptoms of poisoning
are loss of appetite, nausea, and
drowsiness. These symptoms are
followed by slow and irregular heartbeat,
headache, and abdominal pain. The drug.

13. These poisons affect muscle tissue. For
example, false hellebore (Veratrum
viride) contains several alkaloids that act
directly on muscle tissue. Symptoms
include vomiting, abdominal pain, and
muscular weakness.

14. Skin irritants are among the most familiar plant
poisons. Poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron) and
poison sumac (R. vernix) are widespread in the
Eastern United States, while poison oak (R.
diversiloba) is common in the West. The
leaves, stems, and roots of these plants
produce an oil called urushiol.
Cases of poisoning can develop in all seasons
of the year from handling the broken stems, the
leaves, or the berries. Even the smoke of
burning poison.

15. Some plant poisons act in highly specific ways.
Poisons produced by the very common bracken
fern (Pteridium aquilinum) can destroy bone
marrow in livestock. Animals that eat many
leaves of the buckwheat plant (Fagopyrum
esculentum) develop symptoms of poisoning if
they are exposed to strong sunlight. St.-John’s-
wort (Hypericum perforatum) and certain clover
species (genus Trifolium) are other plants that
can cause sensitivity to light.

16. The poisonous substances produced by
various microorganisms, plants, and animals
are called biotoxins. Biotoxins can be grouped
into three categories: microbial toxins—poisons
produced by bacteria, certain algae, and
similar organisms; phytotoxins —poisons
produced by plants; and zootoxins—poisons
produced by animals. (For information on
animal poisons, see poison.

17. Bacteria produce a wide array of toxic
chemicals, many of which are simply waste
products of the bacteria. Cyanobacteria, a
group of bacteria formerly called the blue-green
algae, inhabit many streams and lakes. Some
species produce potent poisons that can kill
fishes, waterfowl, and livestock when the
cyanobacteria become abundant. For example,
the species Anacystis cyanea produces a toxin
that affects the nervous system of many
animals.

18. Most of the major plant poisons are produced by
flowering plants. However, though there are more
than 500,000 species of flowering plants, only a very
small percentage are poisonous.
Plant poisons vary a great deal from species to
species. Some are toxic in small quantities, while
large amounts of other plants must be consumed
before poisonous effects are evident. For example,
broccoli, a common food, can produce toxic side
effects in humans if it is…
Some plants that are toxic to humans have little…

19. There are many poisonous
plants in our world, some of
these are among them.

20. Biological source:
Datura Stramonium
Family: Solanaceae
Constituents:
Hyoscyamine,
Scopolamine
Medicated Part:
Leaves, flowering tops.
Uses: Sedative and
Mydritic.

21. •Biological source: Conium
maculatum
•Family: Apiaceae
•Constituents: Coniine,
Conhydrine, Pseudo
conhydrine, Methyl coniine,
Ethyl- piperdine.
•Medicated Part: Unripe
Fruit.
•Uses: Decoction of the plant,
Use to put death
criminals by the Greek

22. • Biological source:
Cicuta maculata
• Family: Apiaceae
• Constituents:
Cicutoxin
• Mediated part :
Tuberous root,
flowering portion.
• Uses: Convulsant.

23. • Biological source:
Digitalis Purpurea
• Family:
Scrophulariaceae
• Constituents:
Digitoxin, gitoxin,
gitaloxin
• Mediated part:
Leaves
• Uses: Cardiotonic

24. • Biological source:
Ipomoea tricolor
• Family: Convolvulaceae
• Constituents: Erginine,
ergonovine, lysergic acid
• Mediated part: Seeds
• Uses: Produce
hallucinations.

25. • Biological source:
Lobelia inflata
• Family: Campanulaceae
• Constituents: Lobeline,
lobelidine, lobetanine,
Lobelanidine
• Mediated part: Arial plants
•Uses: Placebo effect on
decreasing the physical
craving for cigarettes.

26. • Biological source:
Chrysanthemum
cinerariaefolium
• Family: Compositae
• Medicated part:
Flowering heads
• Constituents:
Pyrethrin-I, Pyrethrin-
II
• Uses: Insecticides.

27. • Biological source:
Derris elliptica ;
Lonchocarpus ulitis
• Family : Fabaceae;
Leguminosae
• Medicated part :
Rhizome and roots
• Constituens:
Rotenone
• Uses: Insecticides.

28. • Biological source:
Urgenia maritime
• Family: Liliaceae
• Medicated part: Bulb
• Constituents:
Scillaren A and B,
Scilliroside
• Uses: Rodenticide.

29. • Biological source:
Strychnos nux
vomica
• Family:
Loganiaceae
• Medicated part:
Seed
• Constituents :
Strychnine, Brucine
• Uses: Vermine
killer.