An acute or chronic disease in humans and other warm-blooded animals characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the tissues and often in the blood.

1. MR. ABHAY RAJPOOT

2. An acute or chronic disease in humans and other warm-
blooded animals characterized by an abnormal increase
in the number of white blood cells in the tissues and
often in the blood.

3. There are around 62,000 new cases of leukemia each
year in the U.S. and about 24,500 deaths due to
leukemia. Leukemia makes up about 3.7% of all new
cancer cases.

5.  Previous cancer treatment.
 Genetic disorders.
 Exposure to certain chemicals
 Smoking.
 Family history of leukemia

6. Scientists don't understand the exact causes of
leukemia. It seems to develop from a combination of
genetic and environmental factors.

7.  Acute lymphocytic leukemia
 Acute myeloid leukemia
 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
 Chronic myeloid leukemia

8. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, also known as
acute lymphoblastic leukemia) is the most common
type of leukemia in children, but it can also affect adults.
In this type of leukemia, immature lymphoid cells grow
rapidly in the blood. It affects over 6,000 people per year
in the U.S.

9. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML, also called acute
myelogenous leukemia) involves the rapid growth of
myeloid cells. It occurs in both adults and children and
affects about 21,000 people each year in the U.S.

10. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a slow-
growing cancer of lymphoid cells that usually affects
people over 55 years of age. It is estimated to affect
about 20,000 people in the U.S. every year. It almost
never occurs in children or adolescents.

11. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, also known as
chronic myelogenous leukemia) primarily affects adults
and occurs in about 8.950 people every year in the U.S.

12.  Hairy cell leukemia is an uncommon type of chronic
leukemia.
 Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is
another type of chronic leukemia that develops from
myeloid cells.
 Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a type
of myeloid leukemia that usually occurs in children
under 6 years of age.
 Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGL
leukemia) is a type of chronic leukemia that develops
from lymphoid cells. It can be slow- or fast-growing.

15.  Fever or chills
 Persistent fatigue, weakness
 Frequent or severe infections
 Losing weight
 Swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen
 Easy bleeding or bruising

16.  Recurrent nosebleeds
 Tiny red spots in your skin (petechiae)
 Excessive sweating, especially at night
 Bone pain or tenderness
 If leukemia cells have infiltrated the brain, symptoms
such as headaches, seizures, confusion, loss of
muscle control, and vomiting can occur.

17.  Diagnostic Evaluation:
 Physical exam.
 Blood tests.
 Bone marrow test.

18.  Sepsis.

23. Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy is a widely used treatment for cancer.
The term chemotherapy refers to the drugs that prevent
cancer cells from dividing and growing. It does this by
killing the dividing cells.
Ex.
-Vincristine
-Nethotrexate

25.  Hair loss
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Mouth sores
 Loss of appetite
 Tiredness, easy bruising or bleeding, and an increased
chance of infection.

26. Biological therapy is any treatment that uses living
organisms, substances that come from living
organisms, or synthetic versions of these substances to
treat cancer.

27.  Headache
 Muscle aches,
 Fever
 Tiredness

28. Targeted therapies are drugs that interfere with one
specific property or function of a cancer cell, rather
than acting to kill all rapidly growing cells
indiscriminately.

29. Radiation therapy uses high energy radiation to target
cancer cells. Radiation therapy may be used in the
treatment of leukemia that has spread to the brain, or it
may be used to target the spleen or other areas where
leukemia cells have accumulated.

31.  Vaccines against the flu or pneumonia
 Blood or platelet transfusions
 Anti-nausea medications
 Antibiotics or antiviral medications to treat or prevent
infections
 Intravenous injections of immunoglobulins to help
fight infection.

32. Prevent infection:
 Patients with leukemia have an impaired ability to fight
infection and therefore we must be diligent in preventing
infection. This includes strict hand hygiene, which is the
most effective infection prevention measure.
 Promote normothermia:
Progressive hyperthermia may occur, therefore it's
essential to monitor body temp. closely, especially if
patient is receiving chemotherapy.

33.  Sepsis surveillance:
Patients undergoing leukemia treatment are at higher
risk for developing sepsis, so make sure to monitor
them closely .
 Prevent skin breakdown:
Due to various medicine or compromised immune
response and malnutrition, patients with leukemia are
at a higher risk for skin breakdown and delayed wound
healing. Therefore, it is essential to take extra care to
prevent breakdown

34.  Avoid procedures that would increase infection risk:
inserting foley catheters, injections, lines, and tubes:
Must weigh risk versus benefit, and patients with
leukemia are at a much higher risk for infection, so the
benefit of said procedures may not outweigh the risk.
 Initiate bleeding precautions:
Clotting factors are impaired and therefore patients with
leukemia are at an increased risk for bleeding.

35. “CHEMOTHERAPY”

36.  https://www.medicinenet.com/leukemia/article.htm
 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20374373
 https://www.webmd.com/cancer/lymphoma/understa
nding-leukemia-basics#1
 https://www.cancer.org/cancer/chronic-lymphocytic-
leukemia/about/what-is-cll.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukemia