A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye which leads to a decrease in vision. Cataracts often develop slowly and can affect one or both eyes. Symptoms may include faded colors, blurry or double vision, halos around light, trouble with bright lights, and trouble seeing at night.

1. CATARACT

2. DEFINITION
• A medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque,
resulting in blurred vision.

3. RISK FACTORS
• Increasing age
• Diabetes
• Excessive exposure to sunlight
• Smoking
• Obesity
• High blood pressure
• Previous eye injury or inflammation
• Previous eye surgery
• Prolonged use of corticosteroid medications
• Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol

4. AETIOLOGY
• Aging
• Hereditary
• Injury

5. TYPES OF CATARACT
• Nuclear
• Cortical
• Posterior subcapsular
• Congenital

7. CLINICAL FEATURES
Signs and symptoms of cataracts include:
• Clouded, blurred or dim vision
• Increasing difficulty with vision at night
• Sensitivity to light and glare
• Need for brighter light for reading and other activities
• Seeing "halos" around lights
• Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription
• Fading or yellowing of colors
• Double vision in a single eye

9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• History
• Retinal examination
• Slit lamp test
• Visual acuity test

10. MANAGEMENT
• Intracapsular Extraction (removal of the whole lens)
• Extracapsular Extraction (leaving the lens capsule behind to support
the remaining lens tissue)
• Cryosurgery ( Pensile like instrument with a metal tip is
supercooled(-35C))
• Phacoemulsification (the mechanical breaking up of the lens by the
hollow needle vibrating at ultrasonic speed)

13. THANK YOU…